PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

 

e-ISSN 2231-8542
ISSN 1511-3701

Home / Regular Issue / JTAS Vol. 31 (2) Jun. 2023 / JSSH-8433-2021

 

Correlates of Crime Prevention and Perception of Safety Using the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior (KAB) Model

Mark Erana Patalinghug, John Dexter Gaston Sarcena, Ronilo Seronio Bustamante, Katreen Glimada Melecio, Junrey Maglangit Mangubat and Haidee Fuentes Patalinghug

Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, Volume 31, Issue 2, June 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.31.2.09

Keywords: KAB model, correlational study, crime prevention, safety and security perception, worries of victimization

Published on: 16 June 2023

As empirical studies have progressed, various metrics and study areas have been incorporated into safety perception and worry about victimization. In this study, the Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Model was applied in evaluating the cognitive and emotional domains of 401 residents of Zamboanga del Sur, Phillipines focusing on their knowledge of crime prevention, safety perception, and fears of victimization. Using the model, the knowledge of crime prevention, safety perception, and fear of victimization was considered an exploratory variable based on the common-sense assumption that feelings and emotions govern how people perceive certain things. The result shows that implemented crime prevention strategies in the province were observable, and community awareness is considerable. Regarding safety and security, the respondents rated the province as safe for everyone and moderately safe when personal belongings are left unattended. The threats to physical safety and security against persons and property are less likely to occur. Finally, the data show a statistically significant weak positive correlation between crime prevention and the perception of safety and security. The associations of safety and security and general satisfaction with personal safety among the representative samples show a significant positive weak correlation. Knowledge of crime prevention strategy and general satisfaction with personal safety shows a weak, statistically significant positive correlation. Thus, awareness of crime prevention significantly influences the safety perception, level of worry, and satisfaction with personal safety.

  • Alessi, E. J., & Martin, J. I. (2010). Conducting an internet-based Survey: Benefits, pitfalls, and lessons learned. Social Work Research, 34(2), 122-128. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/34.2.122

  • Anderson, D. A. (2011). The cost of crime. Foundations and Trends in Microeconomics, 7(3), 209-265. https://doi.org/10.1561/0700000047

  • Bakrania, S., & Haider, H. (2016). Safety, security and justice: Topic guide. GSDRC, University of Birmingham. http://www.gsdrc.org/topic-guides/safety-security-and-justice/

  • Ball, H. L. (2019). Conducting online surveys. Journal of Human Lactation, 35(3), 413-417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334419848734

  • Baranowski, T., Cullen, K. W., Nicklas, T., Thompson, D., & Baranowski, J. (2003). Are current health behavioral change models helpful in guiding prevention of weight gain efforts? Obesity Research, 11(S10), 23-43. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2003.222

  • Baranyi, G., Di Marco, M. H., Russ, T. C., Dibben, C., & Pearce, J. (2021). The impact of neighbourhood crime on mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science and Medicine, 282, Article 114106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114106

  • Barrera, D. J. (2018). The role of “problematic” and “improved” indicators of risky lifestyles in the self-control/lifestyle framework of victimization among Filipino adolescents. Asian Journal of Criminology, 13(3), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-018-9265-1

  • Batra, A. (2008). Foreign tourists’ perception towards personal safety and potential crime while visiting Bangkok. Anatolia, 19(1), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2008.9687055

  • Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.

  • Bilal, K., Alghathbar, K. S., Nabi, S. I., & Khurram, K. M. (2011). Effectiveness of information security awareness methods based on psychological theories. African Journal of Business Management, 5(26), 10862-10868. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm11.067

  • Burnham, R., Feinberg, R. M., & Husted, T. A. (2004). Central city crime and suburban economic growth. Applied Economics, 36(9), 917-922. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684042000233131

  • Button, M., Lewis, C., & Tapley, J. (2014). Not a victimless crime: The impact of fraud on individual victims and their families. Security Journal, 27(1), 36-54. https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2012.11

  • Chalfin, A. (2015). Economic costs of crime. In W. G. Jennings (Ed.), The encyclopedia of crime and punishment (pp. 1-12). Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118519639.wbecpx193

  • Chang, H. J., Lee, J. S., & Kwak, T. K. (2003). Effectiveness of HACCP-based training on the food safety knowledge and behavior of hospital foodservice employees. Nutritional Sciences, 6(2), 118-126.

  • Che Azmi, A., & Hamdan, M. (2022). Review of international studies on perception of safety and human security. Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being, 7(1), 10-13. https://doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.234

  • Chuaychoo, I. (2021). A study of cabin safety awareness among Thai passengers using knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) approach. Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies, 21(1), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.14456/hasss.2021.8

  • Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

  • Cohen, M. A. (2000). Measuring the costs and benefits of crime and justice. Criminal Justice, 4(1), 263-315. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203313145

  • Cornaglia, F., Feldman, N. E., & Leigh, A. (2014). Crime and mental wellbeing. Journal of Human Resources, 49(1), 110-140. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhr.2014.0005

  • Davey, C. L., & Wootton, A. B. (2016). Design against crime a human-centred approach to designing for safety and security (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315576565

  • Detotto, C., & Vannini, M. (2010). Counting the cost of crime in Italy. Global Crime, 11(4), 421-435. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2010.519523

  • Diprose, R. (2007). Physical safety and security: A proposal for internationally comparable indicators of violence. Oxford Development Studies, 35(4), 431-458. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600810701701913

  • Dustmann, C., & Fasani, F. (2016). The effect of local area crime on mental health. Economic Journal, 126(593), 978-1017. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12205

  • Elgar, F. J., McKinnon, B., Walsh, S. D., Freeman, J., Donnelly, P. D., De Matos, M. G., Gariepy, G., Aleman-Diaz, A. Y., Pickett, W., Molcho, M., & Currie, C. (2015). Structural determinants of youth bullying and fighting in 79 countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(6), 643-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.08.007

  • Eser, H., İnan, M., Kucuker, M., Kilçiksiz, C., Yilmaz, S., Dinçer, N., Kiliç, Ö., Ercan, A., & Aydemir, Ö. (2020). Development, validity and reliability of the 4-point Likert Turkish version of cognitive failures questionnaire. Annals of Medical Research, 27(6), 1650-1656. https://doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2020.04.308

  • Fyhri, A., Hof, T., Simonova, Z., & Jong, M. De. (2010). The influence of perceived safety and security on walking. PQN Final report – Part B: Documentation. B.2. Perceived needs (pp. 49-70). Walk21. https://bit.ly/3KdIcib

  • Goulas, E., & Zervoyianni, A. (2015). Economic growth and crime: Is there an asymmetric relationship? Economic Modelling, 49, 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.04.014

  • Halle, C., Tzani-Pepelasi, C., Pylarinou, N. R., & Fumagalli, A. (2020). The link between mental health, crime and violence. New Ideas in Psychology, 58, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2020.100779

  • Hamilton, M., Salim, F., Cheng, E., & Choy, S. L. (2011). Transafe: A crowdsourced mobile platform for crime and safety perception management. ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society, 41(2), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1145/2095272.2095275

  • Howell, J. C. (2014). Mark Lipsey’s contribution to evidence-based services for juvenile offenders: What works across juvenile justice systems. Criminology & Public Policy, 13(1), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12068

  • Hua, N., & Yang, Y. (2017). Systematic effects of crime on hotel operating performance. Tourism Management, 60(1), 257-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.11.022

  • Iyer, L. S. (2018). Knowledge, attitude and behaviour (KAB) of student community towards electronic waste – A case study. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 11(10), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i10/109038

  • Jaitman, L., & Compeán, R. (2015). Closing knowledge gaps: Toward evidence-based crime prevention policies in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, Institutional Capacity of State Division. https://doi.org/10.18235/0000180

  • Kassem, M., Ali, A., & Audi, M. (2019). Unemployment rate, population density and crime rate in Punjab (Pakistan): An empirical analysis. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 8(2), 92-104.

  • Kidd, G., & Anderson, S. (2015). Community safety, perceptions, and psychosocial factors: A selective review. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(7), 1-10.

  • Lacinák, M., & Ristvej, J. (2017). Smart city, safety and security. Procedia Engineering, 192, 522-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.090

  • Lisowska, A. (2017). Crime in tourism destinations: Research review. Tourism, 27(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.27.1.12

  • Lu, R. (2015). Public perceptions of crime. In W. G. Jennings (Ed.), The encyclopedia of crime and punishment (pp. 1-5). Wiley & Sons, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118519639.wbecpx132

  • Matt, E. (2011). Commentary on community safety in Germany. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 13(4), 288-293. https://doi.org/10.1057/cpcs.2011.14

  • Maxwell, S. R. (2019). Perceived threat of crime, authoritarianism, and the rise of a populist president in the Philippines. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 43(3), 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2018.1558084

  • McPhail, I. V., Olver, M. E., & Brooks, C. (2017). Taking the pulse: Perceptions of crime trends and community safety and support for crime control methods in the Canadian Prairies. Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being, 2(2), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.40

  • Medina, C., & Tamayo, J. A. (2012). An assessment of how urban crime and victimization affects life satisfaction. In D. Webb & E. Wills-Herrera (Eds.), Subjective well-being and security (pp. 91-147). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2278-1_6

  • Motta, V. (2017). The impact of crime on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises: Evidence from the service and hospitality sectors in Latin America. Tourism Economics, 23(5), 993-1010. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816616657940

  • Parsons, K., McCormac, A., Butavicius, M., Pattinson, M., & Jerram, C. (2014). Determining employee awareness using the Human Aspects of Information Security Questionnaire (HAIS-Q). Computers and Security, 42, 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2013.12.003

  • Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2015). Health risk behaviour among in-school adolescents in the philippines: Trends between 2003, 2007 and 2011, a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010073

  • Philippine Statistics Authority. (2021). 2021 Philippines in figures. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2021_pif_final %281%29.pdf

  • Damm, A. P., & Dustmann, C. (2014). Does growing up in a high crime neighborhood affect youth criminal behavior? American Economic Review, 104(6), 1806-1832. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.6.1806

  • Piscitelli, A. (2011). Changing Perceptions: 2011 Waterloo Region Area Survey. Waterloo Region Crime Prevention Council. http://preventingcrime.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/2011PerceptionsOfCrime-REPORT.pdf

  • Rosenthal, S. S., & Ross, A. (2010). Violent crime, entrepreneurship, and cities. Journal of Urban Economics, 67(1), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2009.09.001

  • Sas, M., Reniers, G. L. L., Hardyns, W., & Ponnet, K. (2019). The impact of training sessions on security awareness: Measuring the security knowledge, attitude and behaviour of employees. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 77, 895-900. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1977150

  • Schober, P., & Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation coefficients: Appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126(5), 1763-1768. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864

  • Schrader, P. G., & Lawless, K. A. (2004). The knowledge, attitudes, & behaviors approach how to evaluate performance and learning in complex environments. Performance Improvement, 43(9), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi.4140430905

  • Sloan, C. W., Caudill, S. B., & Mixon, F. G. (2016). Entrepreneurship and crime: The case of new restaurant location decisions. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 5, 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2015.12.003

  • Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273-1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2

  • Tan, S. Y., & Haining, R. (2016). Crime victimization and the implications for individual health and wellbeing: A Sheffield case study. Social Science and Medicine, 167, 128-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.08.018

  • Tilley, N., & Tseloni, A. (2016). Choosing and using statistical sources in criminology: What can the crime survey for England and Wales tell us? Legal Information Management, 16(2), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1472669616000219

  • Tongsamsi, I., & Tongsamsi, K. (2018). What explains variation in property crime rates across Thailand’s provinces? Humanities, Art and Social Sciences Studies Enforcement, 19(2), 297-113. https://doi.org/10.14456/hasss.2019.19

  • Ulrich-Schad, J. D., Fedder, M., & Yingling, J. (2019). “You shouldn’t worry walking a block and a half to your car”: Perceptions of Crime and Community Norms in the Bakken Oil Play. International Journal of Rural Criminology, 4(2), 193-216. https://doi.org/10.18061/1811/87910

  • Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency. (2022). Impact on perceptions of safety and security. https://nzta.govt.nz/planning-and-investment/learning-and-resources/benefits-management-guidance/the-land-transport-benefits-framework/healthy-and-safe-people/2-changes-in-perceptions-of-safety/2-1-impact-on-perceptions-of-safety-and-security/

  • Whitzman, C. (2008). Community safety indicators: Are we measuring what counts? Urban Policy and Research, 26(2), 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/08111140701665849

  • Wickramasekera, N., Wright, J., Elsey, H., Murray, J., & Tubeuf, S. (2015). Cost of crime: A systematic review. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(3), 218-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.04.009

  • Williams, F. P., McShane, M. D., & Akers, R. L. (2002). Worry about victimization: An alternative and reliable measure for fear of crime. Western Criminology Review, 2(2). https://bit.ly/3zadHnd

  • World Bank. (2011). World development report 2011: Conflict, security, and development. The World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/4389

  • Worrall, J. L. (2006). The discriminant validity of perceptual incivility measures. Justice Quarterly, 23(3), 360-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820600869137

  • Yi, Q., & Hohashi, N. (2019). Comparison of perceptions of domestic elder abuse among healthcare workers based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior (KAB) model. PLoS One, 13(1), Article e0206640. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206640