PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

The present wave of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technology and trends is drastically affecting nearly every economic sector and preparing for profound changes in people’s lives. The benefits of the technology include higher safety, better decision-making, increased productivity, efficiency, and quality in processes, as well as increased competitiveness. Thus, every effort towards raising awareness of the 4IR should begin early in primary education. This study critically evaluated the literature on the issues and challenges of implementing Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) preliminary courses in primary education in Malaysia towards raising awareness of the future 4IR. Using two databases, namely Scopus and Web of Science, the review was conducted in accordance with the ROSES (Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses) publishing standard. The findings showed that the role of primary education in facilitating skills development for socio-economic and technological development for the students was significant. Based on the thematic analysis, two primary themes emerged: a lack of 21st-century skills and support, supplemented by six sub-themes. In addition, the issues and challenges of other countries’ primary education in meeting the 4IR demand are also discussed. The paper offered solutions for the issues that arose to fulfil the objective of TVET preparatory courses: to increase pupil awareness of the present 4IR in elementary education in Malaysia.

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• Alalwan, N., Cheng, L., Al-Samarraie, H., Yousef, R., Alzahrani, A. I., & Sarsam, S. M. (2020). Challenges and prospects of virtual reality and augmented reality utilization among primary school teachers: A developing country perspective. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 66, Article 100876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100876

• Ayanwale, M. A., Ndlovu, M., & Oladele, J. I. (2022). Mathematics education and the fourth industrial revolution: Are the high school mathematics teachers ready? In Mathematics Education in Africa: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (pp. 77-96). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100876

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• Bakar, A. Y. A., & Mahmud, M. I. (2020). Profiling of aspiration and interest towards STEM and TVET careers among lower secondary students: A Malaysian case study. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(1), 489-500. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.669034

• Bakirci, H., & Karisan, D. (2018). Investigating the preservice primary school, Mathematics and Science Teachers’ STEM awareness. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(1), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i1.2807

• Bush, T., Hamid, S. A., Ng, A., & Kaparou, M. (2018). School leadership theories and the Malaysia education blueprint: Findings from a systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(7), 1245-1265. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-06-2017-0158

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• Ahmad, A., Sirajuddin, P. T. S., & Mohamed, A. H. (2017). The effectiveness of training: Equipping and enhancing ICT knowledge and skills among polytechnic lecturers in producing quality highly skilled graduates. Advanced Journal of Technical and Vocational Education, 1(3), 1-5.

• Alalwan, N., Cheng, L., Al-Samarraie, H., Yousef, R., Alzahrani, A. I., & Sarsam, S. M. (2020). Challenges and prospects of virtual reality and augmented reality utilization among primary school teachers: A developing country perspective. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 66, Article 100876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100876

• Ayanwale, M. A., Ndlovu, M., & Oladele, J. I. (2022). Mathematics education and the fourth industrial revolution: Are the high school mathematics teachers ready? In Mathematics Education in Africa: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (pp. 77-96). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100876

• Azhar, A., & Azman, A. (2021). Corporate social responsibility in educational programme among Malaysian primary schools: Perspectives from corporate companies in Malaysia. Studies of Applied Economics, 39(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i1.4281

• Bakar, A. Y. A., & Mahmud, M. I. (2020). Profiling of aspiration and interest towards STEM and TVET careers among lower secondary students: A Malaysian case study. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(1), 489-500. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.669034

• Bakirci, H., & Karisan, D. (2018). Investigating the preservice primary school, Mathematics and Science Teachers’ STEM awareness. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(1), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i1.2807

• Bush, T., Hamid, S. A., Ng, A., & Kaparou, M. (2018). School leadership theories and the Malaysia education blueprint: Findings from a systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(7), 1245-1265. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-06-2017-0158

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• Fadzil, H. M., & Saat, R. M. (2014). Enhancing STEM education during school transition: Bridging the gap in science manipulative skills. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 10(3), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2014.1071a

• Haddaway, N. R., Macura, B., Whaley, P., & Pullin, A. S. (2018). ROSES RepOrting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses: pro forma, flow-diagram and descriptive summary of the plan and conduct of environmental systematic reviews and systematic maps. Environmental Evidence, 7, Article 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-018-0121-7

• Hassan, M. N., Mustapha, R., Yusuff, N. A. N., & Mansor, R. (2017). Development of higher order thinking skills module in science primary school: Needs analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(2), 624-628.

• Hendrik, B. (2020). Robotic technology for figural creativity enhancement: Case study on elementary school. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2020.0110166

• Hendrik, B., Ali, M. N., & Nayan, N. M. (2020). Validity of figural creativity model development based on robotic learning concept. Intenational Journal of Advance and Applied Science, 7(11), 102-109. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2020.11.011

• Husin, N. S., Abd Hamid, R., Abd Aziz, N., Saoula, O., & Azizi, S. (2017). The effect of emotional intelligence on job performance among educators in Malaysia. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3), 7860-7863. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.C6549.098319

• Hussain, M. A. M., Zulkifli, R. M., Kamis, A., Threeton, M. D., & Omar, K. (2021). Industrial engagement in the technical and vocational training (TVET) system. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 20(12), 19-34. https://doi.org/10.26803/IJLTER.20.12.2

• Hwang, S., Waller, R., Hawes, D. J., & Allen, J. L. (2021). The influence of antisocial behavior and callous-unemotional traits on trajectories of school engagement and achievement in South-Korean children. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50, 788-802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01414-2

• Ilori, M. O., & Ajagunna, I. (2020). Re-imagining the future of education in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 12(1), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.26803/IJLTER.20.12.2

• Indriani, F., Hidayah, N., AlQisan, & Okfitri, N. N. (2021). Innovative learning era industrial revolution 4.0 in optimizing 21st century competence elementary school students. In Proceedings of the Second Asia Pacific International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (pp. 3147-3157). IEOM Society International. https://ieomsociety.org/proceedings/2021indonesia/570.pdf

• Ismail, I., Azizan, S. N., & Azman, N. (2013). Mobile phone as pedagogical tools: Are teachers ready? International Education Studies, 6(3), 36-47. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n3p36

• Jalil, R. A., Tasir, Z., & Salleh, S. M. (2017). RMATHs: Mobile based numeracy learning applications for students with learning disabilities. Advanced Science Letters, 23(6), 5551-5555. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.7419

• Jeong, S. J. (2021). A semantic network analysis of research trends on media education of elementary school students. Frontier Computing: Proceedings of FC 2020, 395-404. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0115-6_41

• Julius, E., Mun, S. H., Abdullah, A. H., Mokhtar, M., & Suhairom, N. (2018). Using digital smart board to overcome higher order thinking skills learning difficulties in data handling among primary school students. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 12(7), 43-59. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v12i7.9644

• Kamarulzaman, W. B., & Hashim, R. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM) 2013-2025: Unity Among Students [Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025: Unity Among Students]. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2302609

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