PERTANIKA PROCEEDINGS

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• Abera, M. (2017). Biomass yield and biological potential of grass (Chloris gayana) and legume (Medicago sativa) mixtures under variable seed rates in Southern Region of Ethiopia. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7(6), 132-136. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjas.2017.6.080817102.
  
  Allah, Y. N., & Bello, A. (2019). The potentials of rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) as drought resistant perennial forage grass in Nigeria. American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research, 6(3), 188-194. https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2019.06.001025.
  
  Ananta, D., Bachruddin, Z., & Umami, N. (2019). Growth and production of 2 cultivars (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) on regrowth phase. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 387, 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/387/1/012033.
  
  Anggereini, E. (2008). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), suatu metode analisis DNA dalam menjelaskan berbagai fenomena biologi [Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis method and biological phenomena]. Biospecies, 1(2), 73-76.
  
  Association of Official Analytical Chemists. (2005). Official method of association of official analytical chemist. Benjamin Franklin Station.
  
  Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Populasi sapi perah menurut provinsi [Dairy cattle population by province]. Badan Pusat Statistik Jakarta. https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NDcwIzI=/populasi-sapi-perah-menurut-provinsi.html.
  
  Beyaz, R., Kahramanogullari, C. T., Yildiz, C., Darcin, E. S., & Yildiz, M. (2016). The effect of gamma radiation on seed germination and seedling growth of Lathyrus chrysanthus Boiss. under in vitro conditions. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 162-163, 129-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.05.006.
  
  Beyaz, R., Ozgen, Y., Cavdar, A. & Yildiz, M. (2020). The effect of gamma radiation and magnetic field on seed germination and seedling growth at low temperature in sorghum x sudangrass hybrids. Maydica, 65, 1-6.
  
  Bilgin, F. D., & Tansi, V. (2020). Perennial warm season grasses; Cultivation of rhodes grass (Chlorois gayana L.) and dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.). In S. Seydosoglu (Ed.), Innovative approaches in meadow-rangeland and forage crops (pp. 177-195). Iksad Publishing.
  
  Ceccarelli, S. (2015). Efficiency of plant breeding. Crop Science, 55, 87-97. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2014.02.0158.
  
  Ciocan, A.-G., Maximilian, C., Mitoi, E. M., Moldovan, R.-C., Neguț, D., Iuga, C.-A., Helepciuc, F. E., Holobiuc, I., Radu, M., Vassu Dimov, T., & Cogălniceanu, G. (2023). The impact of acute low-dose gamma irradiation on biomass accumulation and secondary metabolites production in Cotinus coggygria Scop. and Fragaria × ananassa Duch. red callus cultures. Metabolites, 13, 894. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13080894.
  
  Daba, A. W., Qureshi, A. S., & Nisaren, B. N. (2019). Evaluation of some rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) genotypes for their salt tolerance, biomass yield and nutrient composition. Applied Sciences, 9, 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9010143.
  
  Delastra, M. N., Astuti, A., Suwignyo, B., Muhlisin, M., & Umami, N. (2021). Gamma radiation effect on growth, production and lignin content of Sorghum sudanense at different harvest ages. Buletin Peternakan, 45(3), 183-188. https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v45i3.62627.
  
  Due, M. S., Susilowati, A., & Yunus, A. (2019). The effect of gamma rays irradiation on diversity of Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum as revealed by ISSR molecular marker. Biodiversitas, 20(5), 1416-1422. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200534.
  
  Fahmi, M., Utomo, R., & Umami, N. (2019). Physical and chemical quality of silage from two Pennisetum purpureum sp varieties supplemented with molasses at different levels. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 387, 012059. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/387/1/012059.
  
  Gusmiaty, Restu, M., Asrianny., & Larekeng, S. H. (2016). Polimorfisme penanda RAPD untuk analisis keragaman genetik Pinusmerkusii di hutan Pendidikan Unhas [RAPD marker polymorphism for genetic diversity analysis of Pinusmerkusii in the educational forest of Unhas]. Jurnal Natur Indonesia, 16(2), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.16.2.47-53.
  
  Harmini, H., Sajimin, S., Fanindi, A., & Husni, A. (2021). Produktivitas rumput gajah (Pennisetum purpureum cv Taiwan) hasil irradiasi sinar gamma pada dosis 50 Gy [Productivity of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv Taiwan) from gamma ray irradiation at a dose of 50 Gy]. Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan, 5(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.25047/jipt.v5i1.2906.
  
  Hartati, D., Rimbawanto, A., Taryono, Sulistyaningsih, E., & Widyatmoko, A. Y. P. B. C. (2007). Pendugaan keragaman genetik di dalam dan antar provenan pulai (Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Rr.) menggunakan penanda RAPD [Estimation of genetic diversity within and among pulai (Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Rr.) provenance revealed by RAPD marker]. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan, 1(2), 51-98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org: 10.20886/jpth.2007.1.2.89-98.
  
  Hartati, S., Prasetyo, P., & Muliawati, E. S. (2021). Effects of gamma irradiation on phenotypic changes in vanda hybrid. Journal of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 1(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.20961/jbb.v1i1.49298.
  
  Hidosa, D., Hitiso, W., & Guyo, M. (2018). Biomass production of different grass species available at irrigated lowland of Dassench Woreda in South Western Ethiopia. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science, 46(3), 188-191. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v46i3.36313.
  
  Hoka, A. I., Gicheru, M., Otieno, S., & Korir, H. (2019). Effect of gamma irradiation of local Brachiaria ruziziensis (Germain & Evrard) seeds on agronomic performance and yield. Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 7(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.33687/pbg.007.01.2836.
  
  Jabessa, T., Bekele, K., & Tesfaye, G. (2023). Evaluation of rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) cultivars for forage yield and yield components at highland and mid- land of Guji Zone Southern Oromia. Austin Journal of Nutrition & Metabolism, 10(1), 1-4.
  
  Joshi, R., Rama Prashat, Sharma, P. C., Singla-Pareek, S. L., & Pareek, A. (2016). Physiological characterization of gamma-ray induced mutant population of rice to facilitate biomass and yield improvement under salinity stress. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 21(4), 545-555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-016-0264-x.
  
  Kebede, B., & Bobo, T. (2023). Demonstration of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) varieties at selected highland and midland agro-ecologies of Guji zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Global Journal of Ecology, 8(2), 058-063. https://doi.org/10.17352/gje.000083.
  
  Kenana, R. S., Onjoro, P. A., & Ambula, M. K. (2020). Relative palatability and preference by red Maasai sheep offered brachiaria and Rhodes grass hay supplemented with calliandra leaves in Kenya. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, 5(5), 18-22.
  
  Khalifa, A. M., Abd-ElShafy, E., Abu-Khudir, R., & Gaafar, R. M. (2022). Influence of gamma radiation and phenylalanine on secondary metabolites in callus cultures of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.). Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 20(166), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-022-00424-2.
  
  Koryati, T., Ningsih, H., Erdiandini, I., Paulina, M., Firgiyanto, R., Junairah, & Sari, V. K. (2022). Pemuliaan tanaman [Plant breeding]. Yayasan Kita Menulis.
  
  Liu, R., Yang, X., Gao, R., Hou, X., Huo, L., Huang, Z., & Cornelissen, J. H. C. (2021). Allometry rather than abiotic drivers explains biomass allocation among leaves, stems and roots of Artemisia across a large environmental gradient in China. Journal of Ecology, 109, 1026-1040. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13532.
  
  Makhziah, Sukendah, & Koentjoro, Y. (2017). Effect of gamma Cobalt-60 radiation to morphology and agronomic of three maize cultivar (Zea mays L.). Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 22(1), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.22.1.41.
  
  Marcu, D., Damian, G., Cosma, C., & Cristea, V. (2013). Gamma radiation effects on seed germination, growth and pigment content, and ESR study of induced free radicals in maize (Zea mays). Journal of Biological Physics, 39, 625-634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10867-013-9322-z.
  
  Maryeni, R., Yusniawati, Yulfa D. & Chan, S. R. O. S. (2019). Genetic diversity based on RAPD marker of raime plants (Boehmeria nivea [L.] Gaud) in west Sumatera. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 327, 012014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/327/1/012014.
  
  Mganga, K. Z., Musimba, N. K. R., Nyariki, D. M., Nyangito, M. M., & Mwang’ombe, A. W. (2015). The choice of grass species to combat desertification in semi-arid rangelands is greatly influenced by their forage value for livestock. Grass and Forage Science, 70(1), 161-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12089.
  
  Mohamed, A., & Gebeyew, K. (2018). On-farm performance evaluation of selected perennial grass under rain- fed conditions at Deghabour District, Cherer Zone, Ethiopian Somali Region. Poultry, Fisheries & Wildlife Sciences, 6(2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-446x.1000202.
  
  Mohd Sharim, M. A., & Shamsiah, A. (2021). Detection of changes in growth, yield and genetic variation using RAPD markers among M1 V2 and M1 V3 generations of irradiated ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Food Research, 5(Suppl. 4), 74-82. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(S4).009.
  
  Mudhita, I. K., Putra, R. A., Rahman, M. M., Widyobroto, B. P., Agussalim, A., & Umami, N. (2024). The silage quality of Pennisetum purpureum cultivar Gamma Umami mixed with Calliandra calothyrsus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 47(1), 112-124. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2024.47.1.112.
  
  Mulualem, T., Molla, M., & Yakob, T. (2012). Assessments of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) at Soddo and Kedidagamila districts of southern Ethiopia. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2(9), 30-36.
  
  Nei, M. (1987). Molecular evolutionary genetics. Columbia University Press.
  
  Nuraeni, Hernawati, Rani, S. R. A., Said, L. M., & Putri, A. A. (2023). Pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai (Glycine max L.) hasil radiasi sinar Gamma Cesium-137 [Growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) results from gamma radiation Cesium-137]. Journal Online of Physics, 8(3), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.22437/jop.v8i3.23715.
  
  Nurmansyah, Alghamdi, S. S., Migdadi, H. M., & Farooq, M. (2018). Morphological and chromosomal abnormalities in gamma radiation-induced mutagenized faba bean genotypes. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 94(2), 174-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2018.1409913.
  
  Poerba, Y. S., Imelda, M., Wulansari, A., & Martanti, D. (2009). Induksi mutasi kultur in vitro Amorphophallus muelleri Blume dengan irradiasi gamma [In vitro cultural mutation induction of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume using gamma irradiation]. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 10(3), 355-364. https://doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v10i3.1482.
  
  Poorter, H., Niklas, K. J., Reich, P. B., Oleksyn, J., Poot, P., & Mommer, L. (2012). Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control. New Phytologist, 193, 30-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03952.x.
  
  Pujiyanti, A. S., Wijaya, B. K., Artadana, I. B. M., Hardjo, P. H., & Purwanto., M. G. M. (2021). Character improvement of red rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Barak Cenana by mutagenesis using gamma irradiation. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 21(2), 305-314. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i2.2554.
  
  Raina, A., Laskar, R. A., Malik, S., Wani, M. R., Bhat, T. A., & Khan, S. (2021). Plant mutagenesis: Principle and application in crop improvement. In T. A. Bhat (Ed.), Mutagenesis cytotoxicity and crop improvement (pp. 38-65). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  
  Respati, A. N., Umami, N., & Hanim, C. (2018). Growth and production of Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG5 in three difference regrowth phase treated by Gamma radiation dose. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 41(3), 179-184. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2018.41.3.179
  
  . Riviello-Flores, M. de la L., Cadena-Iñiguez, J., Ruiz-Posadas, L. D. M., Arévalo-Galarza, M. de L., Castillo-Juárez, I., Hernández, M. S., & Castillo-Martínez, C. R. (2022). Use of gamma radiation for the genetic improvement of underutilized plant varieties. Plants, 11, 1161. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091161.
  
  Rojas-Sandoval, J. (2020). Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass). CABI Compendium.
  
  Santosa, E., & Sugiyama, N. (2007). Growth and production of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Dennst. Nicolson from different corm weights. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 35(2), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v35i2.1315.
  
  Santosa, E., Pramono, S., Mine, Y., & Sugiyama, N. (2014). Gamma irradiation on growth and development of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 42(2), 118-123. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v42i2.8428.
  
  Sarah, Nurcahyani, E., Handayani, T. T., & Mahfut. (2023). Respon pemberian ekstrak tauge (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) pada medium murashige and skood terhadap pertumbuhan sawi hijau (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L.) in vitro [Response to bean sprout extract Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) in murashige and. BIOMA: Jurnal Biologi Makassar, 8(2), 88-95. https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/bioma.
  
  Setyawati, R., & Zubaidah S. (2021). Optimasi konsentrasi primer dan suhu annealing dalam mendeteksi gen leptin pada sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) [Optimatization of primer concentration and annealing temperature in detecting leptin gene in Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)]. Indonesian Journal of Laboratory, 4(1), 36-40. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijl.v4i1.65550.
  
  Singh, P. K., Sadhukhan, R., Kumar, V., & Sarkar, H. K. (2019). Gamma rays and EMS induced chlorophyll mutations in grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.). International Journal of Bio-Resource and Stress Management, 10(2), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.23910/ijbsm/2019.10.2.1940b.
  
  Siregar, U. J., & Diputra, I. M. M. M. (2013). Keragaman genetik Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese strain tapanuli berdasarkan penanda mikrosatelit [Diversity of Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese of Tapanuli strain based on microsatellite markers]. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 4(2), 88-99.
  
  Sulistyawati, P., & Widyatmoko, A. (2017). Keragaman genetik populasi kayu merah (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) menggunakan penanda Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA [Genetic diversity in Kayu merah (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) populations using random amplified polymorphism DNA marker]. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan, 11(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2017.11.1.67-76.
  
  Tadesse, B., Tolemariam, T., & Hassen, W. (2022). Effect of different levels of biochar and inorganic fertilizer application on the growth of two grass species (Chloris gayana and Panicum coloratum). Ethiopian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 13(1), 1-11.
  
  Tias, A. S. N., Moeljani, I. R., & Guniarti. (2022). Effect of gamma ray radiation 60Co generation M1 on growth and production of Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) prentul Kediri variety. In Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings (pp. 84-92). Fakultas Pertanian UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur. https://doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2022.2011.
  
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  Umami, N., Respati, A. N., Rahman, M. M., Umpuch, K., & Gondoe, T. (2022). Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from the apical meristem of Wrukwona Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) treated with thidiozuron and cupric sulfate. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 45(2), 220-226. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2022.45.2.220.
  
  Umami, N., Widyobroto, B. P., Paradhipta, D. H. V., Solekhah, Z. A., & Nurjanah, L. L. (2023). Silage quality based on the physical and chemical of several napier grass varieties (Pennisetum purpureum) supplied with different levels of pollard. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 118, 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1183/1/012015.
  
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  Warid, Khumaida, N., Purwito, A., & Syukur, M. (2017). Pengaruh iradiasi sinar gamma pada generasi pertama (M1) untuk mendapatkan genotipe unggul baru kedelai toleran kekeringan [The effect of gamma ray irradiation on the first generation (M1) to obtain a new superior genotype for drought tolerant soybeans]. Agrotrop, 7(1), 11-21.
  
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