PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

 

e-ISSN 2231-8542
ISSN 1511-3701

Home / Regular Issue / JTAS Vol. 45 (1) Feb. 2022 / JTAS-2302-2021

 

Effect of Herbal Blend and L-arginine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, and Caecal Microflora of Growing Guinea Fowls

Adebukunola Olufunmilayo Lala, Gabriel Adedotun Williams, Adenrele Olalekan Adebayo and Abimbola Oladele Oso

Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, Volume 45, Issue 1, February 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.45.1.03

Keywords: Antimicrobial, growth promoter, Lactobacillus, phytogenics

Published on: 10 Febuary 2022

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of diet containing herbal blend (HB) of turmeric (Curcuma longa), scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum), and moringa leaf (Morinda lucida) supplemented with or without L-arginine (L-Arg) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and caecal microflora of guinea fowls. Three hundred and sixty 28-day-old male guinea fowls were randomly allotted in a completely randomized design to six treatment groups of sixty birds; each treatment group consisted of six replicates of ten birds each. Dietary treatments were laid out in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of the basal diet (control), diet containing enrofloxacin (1 g/kg), HB (1 g/kg diet), and each supplemented with or without L-Arg at 1 g/kg. Notwithstanding dietary supplementation with L-Arg, guinea fowls fed the diets with HB, and their counterparts fed the diets with antibiotics had similar weight gain during the growing period. Dietary L-Arg supplementation with HB increased (p<0.05) feed intake. Feed conversion ratio (p<0.05) was improved in guinea fowls fed the diets with HB and their counterparts fed with antibiotic supplemented or not with L-Arg. L-Arg supplementation of the diet with HB resulted in the longest (p<0.05) duodenal villi height and the shortest (p<0.05) duodenal apical width in young turkeys. The caeca content of growing guinea fowls fed the diet with HB supplemented with L-Arg had the least (p<0.05) Clostridium count and the highest (p<0.05) Lactobaccillus count. In conclusion, guinea fowls fed the diet with HB supplemented or not with L-Arg had similar growth performance with those fed with an antibiotic. L-Arg supplementation of the diet with HB resulted in increased caecal Lactobacillus counts of growing birds.

  • Abo Ghanima, M. M., Alagawany, M., Abd El-Hack, M. E., Taha, A., Elnesr, S. S., Ajarem, J., Allam, A. A., & Mahmoud, A. M. (2020). Consequences of various housing systems and dietary supplementation of thymol, carvacrol, and euganol on performance, egg quality, blood chemistry, and antioxidant parameters. Poultry Science, 99(9), 4384-4397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.028

  • Ahmadi, F. (2010). Effect of turmeric (Curcumin longa) powder on performance, oxidative stress state and some of blood parameters in broiler fed on diets containing aflatoxin B1. Global Veterinaria, 5(6), 312–317.

  • Alagawany, M., El-Saadony, M. T., Elnesr, S. S., Farahat, M., Attia, G., Madkour, M., & Reda, F. M. (2021). Use of lemongrass essential oil as a feed additive in quail’s nutrition: Its effect on growth, carcass, blood biochemistry, antioxidant and immunological indices, digestive enzymes and intestinal microbiota. Poultry Science, 100(6), 101172.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101172

  • Alagawany, M., Farag, M. R., Abdelnour, S. A., Dawood, M. A., Elnesr, S. S., & Dhama, K. (2020). Curcumin and its different forms: A review on fish nutrition. Aquaculture, 532, 736030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736030

  • Al-Daraji, H. J., & Salih, A. M. (2012). The influence of dietary arginine supplementation on blood traits of broiler chickens. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 11(3), 258-264. https://doi.org/10.3923/pin.2012.258.264

  • Allen, P. C. (1999). Effects of daily oral doses of L-Arg on coccidiosis infections in chickens. Poultry Science, 78(11), 1506-1509. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.11.1506

  • Al-Sultan, S. I. (2003). The effect of Curcuma longa (turmeric) on overall performance of broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2(5), 351-353. http://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2003.351.353

  • Bassolé, I. H. N., & Juliani, H. R. (2012). Essential oils in combination and their antimicrobial properties. Molecules, 17(4), 3989-4006. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17043989

  • Brenes, A., & Roura, E. (2010). Essential oils in poultry nutrition: Main effects and modes of action. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 158(1-2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.03.007

  • Cetin, E., Yibar, A., Yesilbag, D., Cetin, I., & Cengiz, S. S. (2016). The effect of volatile oil mixtures on the performance and ileo-caecal microflora of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 57(6), 780–787. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2016.1214682

  • Chen, J., Wang, M., Kong, Y., Ma, H., & Zou, S. (2011). Comparison of the novel compounds creatine and pyruvate on lipid and protein metabolism in broiler chickens. Animal, 5(7), 1082-1089. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731111000085

  • Dhama, K., Sharun, K., Gugjoo, M. B., Tiwari, R., Alagawany, M., Iqbal Yatoo, M., Thakur, P., Igbal, M. N., Chaicumpa, W., Michalak, I., & Elnesr, S. S. (2021). A comprehensive review on chemical profile and pharmacological activities of Ocimum basilicum. Food Reviews International. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2021.1900230

  • Dono, N. D. (2013). Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) supplementation as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry diets. Indonesian Bulletin Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 23(1), 41-49.

  • Ebrahim, A. A., Elnesr, S. S., Abdel-Mageed, M. A. A., & Aly, M. M. M. (2020). Nutritional significance of aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) and its beneficial impact on poultry. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 76(4), 803-814. https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2020.1830010

  • Emadi, M., Jahanshiri, F., Jalalian, F. A., Kaveh, K., Bejo, M. H., Ideris, A., Assumaidaee, A. A., & Alimon, R. A. (2010). Immunostimulatory effects of arginine in broiler chickens challenged with vaccine strain of infectious bursal disease virus. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9(3), 594-600. http://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.594.600

  • Eriksson, S., Chambers, B. J., & Rhen, M. (2003). Nitric oxide produced by murine dendritic cells is cytotoxic for intracellular Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 58(5), 493–502. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01330.x

  • Ertas, O. N., Güler, T., Çiftçi, M., Dalkilic, B., & Simsek, U. G. (2005). The effect of an essential oil mix derived from oregano, clove and anise on broiler performance. International Poultry Science, 4(11), 879-884. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2005.879.884

  • Filho, T. S., Lima, E. C., Oliveira, D. H., Abreu, M. L. T., Rosa, P. V., Laurentiz, A. C., Naves, L. P., & Rodrigue, P. B. (2021). Supplemental L-arginine improves feed conversion and modulates lipid metabolism in male and female broilers from 29 to 42 days of age. Animal, 15(2), 100120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2020.100120

  • Gava, M. S., Moraes, L. B., Carvalho, G. Z., Fallavena, L. C. B., Moraes, H. L. S., Herpich, J., & Salle, C. T. P. (2015). Determining the best sectioning method and intestinal segment for morphormetric analysis in broilers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 17(2), 145-150. http://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x1702145-150

  • Geyra, A., Uni, Z., & Sklan, D. (2001). Enterocyte dynamics and mucosal development in the post hatch chick. Poultry Science, 80(6), 776–782. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.6.776

  • Harbone, J. B. (1973). Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Chapman and Hall.

  • Harley, J. P., & Prescott, L. M. (2002). Laboratory exercises in microbiology. McGraw-Hill.

  • Hernández, F., Madrid, J., Garcia, V., Orengo, J., & Megias, M. D. (2004). Influence of two plant extracts on broiler performance, digestibility, and digestive organ size. Poultry Science, 83(2), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.2.169

  • Jamroz, D., Wiliczkiewicz, A., Wertelecki, T., Orda, J., & Skorupińska, J. (2005). Use of active substances of plant origin in chicken diets based on maize and locally grown cereals. British Poultry Science, 46(4), 485-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660500191056

  • Kamboh, A. A., Arain, M. A., Mughal, M. J., Zaman, A., Arain, Z. M., & Soomro, A. H. (2015). Flavonoids: Health promoting phytochemicals for animal production - A review. Journal of Animal health Production, 3(1), 6-13. http://doi.org/10.14737/journal.jahp/2015/3.1.6.13

  • Kochar, N. I., Chandewal, A. V., Bakal, R. L., & Kochar, P. N. (2011). Nitric oxide and the gastrointestinal tract. International Journal of Pharmacology, 7(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2011.31.39

  • Lala, A. O., Ajayi, O. L., Okwelum, N., Oso, A. O., Fakorede, T. V., Adebayo, T. A., & Jagbojo, J. E. (2017). Haematological, biochemical and organ changes in broiler chickens fed varying levels of Morinda lucida (Brimstone) leaf meal supplementation in the diets. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 50(5), 1005-1010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1524-8

  • Lee, K. W., Everts, H., & Beynen, A. C. (2004). Essential oils in broiler nutrition. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3(12), 738–752. http://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.738.752

  • Li, P., Yin, Y. L., & Li, D. F. (2007). Amino acids and immune function. British Journal of Nutrition, 98(2), 237–252. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711450769936X

  • Li, Z., Wang, W., Liu, D., & Guo, Y. (2018). Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 9, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-018-0243-3

  • Lu, C., Zhang, J., Shi, X., Miao, S., Bi, L., Zhang, S., Zhou, Q. Y., Zhang, M., Xie, Y., Miao, Q., & Wang, S. (2014). Neuroprotective effects of tetramethylpyrazine against dopaminergic neuron injury in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease induced by MPTP. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(4), 350–357. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.8366

  • Malfatti, C. R. M., da Silva, L. A., Pereira, R. A., Michel, R. G., Snak, A. L., & Santos, F. S. (2015). Acute hypothalamic administration of L-arginine increases feed intake in rats. Revista de Nutrição, 28(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732015000100005

  • Mancuso, C., Navarra, P., & Preziosi, P. (2010). Roles of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Journal of Neurochemistry, 113(3), 563–575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06606.x

  • Markovic, R., Sefer, D., Krstic, M., & Petrujkic, B. (2009). Effect of different growth promoters on broiler performance and gut morphology. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, 41(2), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0301-732X2009000200010

  • Matasyoh, L. G., Josphat, C. M., Francis, N. W., Miriam, G. K., Anne, W. T. M., & Titus, K. W. (2007). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. growing in eastern Kenya. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(6), 760-765.

  • Murugesan, G. R., Syed, B., Haldar, S., & Pender, C. (2015). Phytogenic feed additives as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2, 21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2015.00021

  • National Research Council. (1994). Nutrient requirements of domestic animals: Nutrient requirements of poultry. Academy Press.

  • Ndelekwute, E. K., Afolabi, K. D., Uzegbu, H. O., Unah, U. L., & Amaefule, K. U. (2015). Effect of dietary black pepper (Piper nigrum) on the performance of broiler. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science, 44(2), 120-127. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v44i2.26012

  • Ogundare, A. O., & Onifade, A. K. (2009). The antimicrobial activity of Morinda lucida leaf extract on Escherichia coli. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(4), 319-323. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR.9001185

  • Ogunlana, O. E., Ogunlana, O., & Farombi, O. E. (2008). Morinda lucida: Antioxidant and reducing activities of crude methanolic stem bark extract. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 2(2), 49-54.

  • Ola-Fadunsin, S. D., & Ademola, I. O. (2013). Anticoccidial effects of Morinda lucida acetone extracts on broiler chickens naturally infected with Eimeria species. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52(3), 330-334. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2013.836545

  • Oso, A. O., Bamgbose, A. M., Adebayo, A. O., Olowofeso, V. O., Pirgozliev, A. A., Adegbenjo, A. O., Osho, S. O., Alabi, J. O., Li, H., Liu, G., Yao, K., & Xin, W. (2017). Effect of dietary supplementation with arginine on haematological indices, serum chemistry, carcass yield, gut microflora and lymphoid organs of growing turkeys. Livestock Science, 198, 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2017.02.005

  • Patra, A., Amasheh, S., & Aschenbach, J. R. (2019). Modulation of gastrointestinal barrier and nutrient transport function in farm animals by natural plant bioactive compounds - A comprehensive review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(1), 3237-3266. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1486284

  • Prabhu, K. S., Lobo, R., Shirwaikar, A. A., & Shirwaikar, A. (2009). Ocimum gratissimum: A review of its chemical, pharmacological and ethnomedicinal properties. The Open Complementary Medicine Journal, 1(1), 1-15. http://doi.org/10.2174/1876391X00901010001

  • Pramujo, M., Mutia, R., & Wijayanti, I. (2019). Effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) and l-arginine supplementation on broiler performance. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 251, p. 012060). IOP Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/251/1/012060

  • Quiles, J. L., Mesa, M. D., Ramirez-Tortosa, C. L., Aguilera, C. M., Battino, M., Gil, A., & Ramirez-Tortosa, M. C. (2002). Curcuma longa extract supplementation reduces oxidative stress and attenuates aortic fatty streak development in rabbits. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 22(7), 1225–1231. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000020676.11586.F2

  • R e n, W., C h e n, S., Y i n, J., D u a n, J., Li, T., L i u, G., F e n g, Z., T a n, B., Y i n, Y., & Wu, G. (2014). Dietary arginine supplementation of mice alters the microbial population and activates intestinal innate immunity. The Journal of Nutrition, 144(6), 988–995. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.192120

  • Reisinger, N., Steiner, T., Nitsch, S., Schatzmayr, G., & Applegate, T. J. (2011). Effects of a blend of essential oils on broiler performance and intestinal morphology during coccidial vaccine exposure. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 20(3), 272-283. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2010-00226

  • Saeed, M., Arain, M. A., Ali Fazlani, S., Marghazani, I. B., Umar, M., Soomro, J., Bhutto, Z. O., Soomro, F., Noreldin, A. E. Abd El-Hack, M. E. Elnesr, S. S., Faraq, M. R., Dhama, K., Chao, S., & Alagawany, M. (2021). A comprehensive review on the health benefits and nutritional significance of fucoidan polysaccharide derived from brown seaweeds in human, animals and aquatic organisms. Aquaculture Nutrition, 27(3), 633-654. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13233

  • Statistical Analysis System. (2000). SAS user’s guide statistics (8.1 ed.). SAS Institute Inc.

  • Thiruvengadarajan, V. S., Ellaiah, P., & Madhusudhanachetty, C. (2011). In vitro antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of isolated compounds from ethyl acetate extract of Cynodon dactylon and Piper betle. International Journal Pharmaceutical and Indian Research, 1(4), 261–265.

  • Viveros, A., Chamorro, S., Pizarro, M., Arija, I., Centeno, C., & Brenes, A. (2011). Effects of dietary polyphenol-rich grape products on intestinal microflora and gut morphology in broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 90(3), 566–578. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-00889.

  • Wang, J., Su, S., Pender, C., Murugesan, R., Syed, B., & Kim, W. K. (2021). Effect of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, nutrient digestion, and immune response in broiler-fed diets with two different levels of crude protein. Animals, 11(3), 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030775

  • Wati, T., Ghosh, T. K., Syed, B., & Haldar, S. (2015). Comparative efficacy of a phytogenic feed additive and an antibiotic growth promoter on production performance, caecal microbial population and humoral immune response of broiler chickens inoculated with enteric pathogens. Animal Nutrition, 1(3), 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2015.08.003

  • Windisch, W., & Kroismayr, A. (2007). Natural phytobiotics for health of young piglets and poultry mechanisms and application. Poultry Science, 86(Suppl. 1), 643.

  • Wink, D. A., Hines, H. B., Cheng, Y. S., Switzer, C. H., Flores-Santana, W., Vitek, M.P., Ridnour, L. A., & Colton, C. A. (2011). Nitric oxide and redox mechanisms in the immune response. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 89(6), 873-891. https://doi.org/10.1189/jib.1010550

  • Woods, S. C., Lutz, T. A., Geary, N., & Langhans, W. (2006). Pancreatic signals controlling food intake; insulin, glucagon and amylin. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 361(1471), 1219-1235. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1858

  • Xia, M. S., Hu, C. H., & Xu, Z. R. (2004). Effect of copper-bearing montmorillonite on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and intestinal microflora and morphology of male broiler. Poultry Science, 83(11), 1868–1875. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.11.1868

  • Zhan, Z., Ou, D., Piao, X., Kim, S. W., Liu, Y., & Wang, J. (2008). Dietary arginine supplementation affects microvascular development in the small intestine of early-weaned pigs. Journal of Nutrition, 138(7), 1304–1309. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.7.1304

ISSN 1511-3701

e-ISSN 2231-8542

Article ID

JTAS-2302-2021

Download Full Article PDF

Share this article

Recent Articles