PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Distribution Networks Expansion Planning (DNEP) is very complex and involves improving the system to meet the increasing demand using the most cost-effective strategy. Among the planned choices are the extension of substations, upgrade of distribution feeders, installation of additional Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), installation of Capacitor Banks (CBs) and many other methods. Distribution planners in contemporary networks must have faith in the reversibility of investments where Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) inject clean and cost-effective for DNEP to meet growing demand and environmental requirements. The comprehensive review of DNEP carried out in this paper covers all possible objective functions and problem constraints. With the rise of electric vehicles (EVs), there is a growing need to assess the impact of EV charging on distribution networks. Understanding how EV loads affect the network helps plan future expansions to efficiently accommodate the charging infrastructure. Integrating DERs, such as solar panels, wind turbines, and energy storage systems, is changing how electricity is generated, distributed, and consumed. Assessing the integration of DERs into distribution networks is crucial for optimal network planning and operation. In addition, CBs are essential for power factor correction and voltage regulation in distribution networks. Including CBs in expansion planning helps improve network efficiency, reliability, and overall power quality. By analyzing the impact of EV loads, DERs, and CBs in DNEP, researchers and planners can develop more accurate models and strategies for designing sustainable and resilient power systems to efficiently meet the growing energy demands.

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