PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

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Reactivity Enhancement of Lignin Extracted from Preconditioning Refiner Chemical-Recycle Bleached Mechanized Pulp (PRC-RBMP) Black Liquor by Phenolation

Lim Kah Yen, Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar, Farhana Aziz Ujang, Hazwani Husin, Hidayah Ariffin, Paridah Md Tahir, Li Xin Ping and Mohd Termizi Yusof

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, Volume 31, Issue 5, August 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.28

Keywords: Adhesive, black liquor, lignin, modification, phenolation, phenol-formaldehyde resin, pulp and paper, sustainability

Published on: 31 July 2023

Despite black liquor’s (BL) renown as a difficult-to-manage contaminant in the pulp and paper industry, BL has been found as a viable alternative material for adhesive formulation due to its high lignin content. Nevertheless, modification is required to enhance lignin’s reactivity, and there is currently a lack of study focusing on this aspect for BL-lignin. This study aims to increase the phenolic hydroxyl content of BL-lignin by phenolation. After being phenolated at lignin to phenol ratio of 1:1, at a temperature of 100°C for 110 minutes, and with the addition of 8% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst, the phenolic hydroxyl content improved by 51.5%. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/Vis spectrophotometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and its differential curve showed that the structural change in phenolated lignin opened up more active sites, implying that this lignin could be a good substitute for phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin manufacturing.

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ISSN 0128-7680

e-ISSN 2231-8526

Article ID

JST-3919-2022

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