PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

 

e-ISSN 2231-8534
ISSN 0128-7702

Home / Regular Issue / JSSH Vol. 33 (1) Mar. 2025 / JSSH-9085-2024

 

Neighbourhood Governance in Vietnam for Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on Megacities, Social Capital, Hierarchical Steering, and Collaborative Governance Theory

Trang Minh Tran-Pham, Han Nu Ngoc Ton, Huong Thi Ngo, Phuong Lan Nguyen and Chi Thi Kim Bui

Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Volume 33, Issue 1, March 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.33.1.04

Keywords: Collaborative governance theory, hierarchical steering, megacities, neighbourhood governance, neighbourhood governance effectiveness, social capital, social worker, Vietnam

Published on: 2025-03-27

The concept of governance has gained widespread attention in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. While community-centred governance has gained popularity, the current understanding of neighbourhood governance remains incomplete. Based on the collaborative governance theory, this study revisits a previous conceptual framework to analyse the dynamics of neighbourhood governance in Vietnam during the COVID-19 response. We surveyed 366 social workers in residential quarters, sub-quarters, and community COVID groups in two Vietnamese megacities (e.g., Hanoi capital, Ho Chi Minh City). The findings show the presence of collaboration drivers in the country’s neighbourhood governance. Specifically, neighbourhood social capital and governmental hierarchical steering emerge as two dynamics of effective neighbourhood governance. This research contributes to the current understanding of collaborative governance theory and the dynamics of neighbourhood governance and addresses previous discussions on assessing its effectiveness. From a practical perspective, this research offers a valuable tool for evaluating the effectiveness of neighbourhood governance and scholarship on enhancing its collaborative capacity.

  • Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. W. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17-40. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2002.5922314

    Afolabi, A. A., & Ilesanmi, O. S. (2021). Addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: Lessons from the role of community participation in previous vaccination programs. Health Promotion Perspectives, 11(4), 434-437. https://doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.54

    Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543-571. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum032

    Ansell, C., & Torfing, J. (Eds.). (2022). Handbook on theories of governance. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800371972

    Bäckstrand, K. (2006). Multi-stakeholder partnerships for sustainable development: Rethinking and effectiveness. European Environment, 16, 290-306. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.425

    Barghusen, R., Sattler, C., Berner, R., & Matzdorf, B. (2022). More than spatial coordination – How Dutch agricultural collectives foster social capital for effective governance of agri-environmental measures. Journal of Rural Studies, 96, 246-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.10.023

    Batory, A., & Svensson, S. (2019). The fuzzy concept of collaborative governance: A systematic review of the state of the art. Central European Journal of Public Policy, 13(2), 28-39. https://doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2019-0008

    Beckham, T. L., Cutts, B. B., Rivers, L., Dello, K., Bray, L. A., & Vilá, O. (2023). BRIDGE Builders – Leadership and social capital in disaster recovery governance. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 96, Article 103942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103942

    Breek, P. (2022). Neighborhood governance during COVID-19: What is lost with reduced face-to-face communication? Journal of Urban Affairs, 46(5), 925-943. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2022.2105225

    Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C., & Stone, M. M. (2006). The design and implementation of cross‐sector collaborations: Propositions from the literature. Public Administration Review, 66(s1), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00665.x

    Capano, G., Howlett, M., & Ramesh, M. (2015). Bringing governments back in: Governance and governing in comparative policy analysis. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 17(4), 311-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2015.1031977

    Chaskin, R. J., & Garg, S. (1997). The issue of governance in neighborhood-based initiatives. Urban Affairs Review, 32(5), 631-661. https://doi.org/10.1177/107808749703200502

    Cheng, Y., Yu, J., Shen, Y., & Huang, B. (2020). Coproducing responses to COVID-19 with community-based organizations: Lessons from Zhejiang Province, China. Public Administration Review, 80(5), 866-873. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13244

    Clarke, J., & Bainton, D., Lendvai, N., & Stubbs, P. (2015). Making policy move: Towards a politics of translation and assemblage. Policy Press. https://doi.org/10.56687/9781447313380

    Desson, Z., Weller, E., McMeekin, P., & Ammi, M. (2020). An analysis of the policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in France, Belgium, and Canada. Health Policy and Technology, 9(4), 430-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.09.002

    Dutta, A., & Fischer, H. W. (2021). The local governance of COVID-19: Disease prevention and social security in rural India. World Development, 138, Article 105234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105234

    Ekzayez, A., al-Khalil, M., Jasiem, M., Al Saleh, R., Alzoubi, Z., Meagher, K., & Patel, P. (2020). COVID-19 response in Northwest Syria: Innovation and community engagement in a complex conflict. Journal of Public Health, 42(3), 504-509. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa068

    Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T., & Balogh, S. (2012). An integrative framework for collaborative governance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mur011

    Green, D., & Loualiche, E. (2021). State and local government employment in the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Public Economics, 193, Article 104321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104321

    Ha, B. T. T., Quang, L. N., Mirzoev, T., Tai, N. T., Thai, P. Q., & Dinh, P. C. (2020). Combating the COVID-19 epidemic: Experiences from Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), Article 3125. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093125

    Hartley, K., Bales, S., & Bali, A. S. (2021). COVID-19 response in a unitary state: Emerging lessons from Vietnam. Policy Design and Practice, 4(1), 152-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2021.1877923

    Hawkins, C. V., & Wang, X. H. (2012). Sustainable development governance: Citizen participation and support networks in local sustainability initiatives. Public Works Management and Policy, 17(1), 7-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X11429045

    Holvandus, J., & Leetmaa, K. (2016). The views of neighbourhood associations on collaborative urban governance in Tallinn, Estonia. PlaNext – Next Generation Planning, 3, 49-66. https://doi.org/10.24306/plnxt.2016.03.004

    Imperial, M. T. (2005). Using collaboration as a governance strategy: Lessons from six watershed management programs. Administration and Society, 37(3), 281-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399705276111

    Intawong, K., Olson, D., & Chariyalertsak, S. (2021). Application technology to fight the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned in Thailand. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 534, 830-836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.097

    Kalla, M., & Metaxas, T. (2023). Good governance, resilience, and sustainable development: A combined analysis of USA metropolises’ strategies through the lens of the 100 RC Network. Sustainability, 15(22), Article 15895. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215895

    Kapucu, N. (2012). Disaster and emergency management systems in urban areas. Cities, 29(Suppl. 1), S41-S49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2011.11.009

    King, C. S., Feltey, K. M., & Susel, B. O. (2015). The question of participation: Toward authentic public participation in public administration. In N. C. Roberts (Ed.), The age of direct citizen participation (pp. 383-400). Routledge.

    Le, H. T., Mai, H. T., Pham, H. Q., Nguyen, C. T., Vu, G. T., Phung, D. T., Nghiem, S. H., Tran, B. X., Latkin, C. A., Ho, C. S. H., & Ho, R. C. M. (2020). Feasibility of intersectoral collaboration in epidemic preparedness and response at grassroots levels in the threat of COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, Article 589437. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.589437

    Li, H. (2020). Communication for coproduction: Increasing information credibility to fight the Coronavirus. American Review of Public Administration, 50(6-7), 692-697. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074020942104

    Li, H., Wen, B., & Cooper, T. L. (2019). What makes neighborhood associations effective in urban governance? Evidence from neighborhood council boards in Los Angeles. The American Review of Public Administration, 49(8), 931-943. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074019854160

    Liu, Z., Lin, S., Shen, Y., & Lu, T. (2021). Collaborative neighborhood governance and its effectiveness in community mitigation to COVID-19 pandemic: From the perspective of community workers in six Chinese cities. Cities, 116, Article 103274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103274

    Macke, J., Vallejos, R. V., & Sarate, J. A. R. (2009). Collaborative network governance: Understanding social capital dimensions. In 2009 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems (pp. 163-171). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CTS.2009.5067477

    Mai, N. T. T., & Cuong, M. T. (2022). Vietnam in the combat against COVID-19: Responses of the government and cooperation among stakeholders. In C. J. Shultz, II, D. R. Rahtz, & M. J. Sirgy (Eds.), Community, economy and COVID-19: Lessons from multi-country analyses of a global pandemic (pp. 611-632). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-9

    Maloney, W., Smith, G., & Stoker, G. (2000). Social capital and urban governance: Adding a more contextualized ‘top-down’ perspective. Political Studies, 48(4), 802-820. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00284

    Marek, L. I., Brock, D. P., & Savla, J. (2015). Evaluating collaboration for effectiveness: conceptualization and measurement. American Journal of Evaluation, 36(1), 67-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214014531068

    Maryati, S., & Azizah, D. M. (2022). Innovation during COVID-19 pandemic: Water, sanitation, and hygiene in informal settlements. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 30(2), 835-857. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.30.2.22

    Mehmetoglu, M., & Jakobsen, T. G. (2017). Applied statistics using STATA: A guide for the social sciences. SAGE Publications Ltd.

    Mosley, J. E., & Park, S. (2022). Service providers’ influence in collaborative governance networks: Effectiveness in reducing chronic homelessness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 32(1), 130-149. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muab013

    Musavengane, R., & Simatele, D. (2017). Significance of social capital in collaborative management of natural resources in Sub-Saharan African rural communities: A qualitative meta-analysis. South African Geographical Journal, 99(3), 267-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2016.1231628

    Nguyen, C., & Phan, T., (2021). Marshalling state and non-state actors. In V. V. Ramraj (Ed.), Covid 19 in Asia, law and policy contexts (pp. 57-72). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197553831.003.0004

    Oh, Y., & Bush, C. B. (2016). Exploring the role of dynamic social capital in collaborative governance. Administration & Society, 48(2), 216-236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399714544941

    Olivera-La Rosa, A., Chuquichambi, E. G., & Ingram, G. P. D. (2020). Keep your (social) distance: Pathogen concerns and social perception in the time of COVID-19. Personality and Individual Differences, 166, Article 110200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110200

    Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807763

    Parés, M., Boada, J., Canal, R., Hernando, E., & Martínez, R. (2017). Challenging collaborative urban governance under austerity: How local governments and social organizations deal with housing policy in Catalonia (Spain). Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(8), 1066-1084. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2017.1310531

    Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.1

    Ran, B., & Qi, H. (2018). Contingencies of power sharing in collaborative governance. The American Review of Public Administration, 48(8), 836-851. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074017745355

    Schuhbert, A. (2023). Specifying destination-based networks by governance-mode: A social capital approach to innovative capacity in a rural destination of Azerbaijan. Tourism Planning and Development, 20(5), 832-854. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1953119

    Schuster, C., Weitzman, L., Sass Mikkelsen, K., Meyer‐Sahling, J., Bersch, K., Fukuyama, F., Paskov, P., Rogger, D., Mistree, D., & Kay, K. (2020). Responding to COVID‐19 through surveys of public servants. Public Administration Review, 80(5), 792-796. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13246

    Scott, T. A., & Thomas, C. W. (2017). Unpacking the collaborative toolbox: Why and when do public managers choose collaborative governance strategies? Policy Studies Journal, 45(1), 191-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12162

    Souza, V. B., & Neto, L. M. (2018). A typology of coproduction: Emphasizing shared power. Critical Perspectives on International Public Sector Management, 6, 117-139. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2045-794420180000006006

    Syasyila, K., Gin, L. L., & Mohamad, Z. S. (2022). The meaning in life and courage of Malaysian frontliners during COVID-19. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 30(2), 623-640. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.30.2.11

    Taniguchi, M. (2022). Governance and state–society relations in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. Critical Asian Studies, 54(2), 198-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2022.2051723

    Tarkom, A. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 exposure on working capital management: The moderating effect of investment opportunities and government incentives. Finance Research Letters, 47(PB), Article 102666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102666

    Therrien, M. C., & Normandin, J. M. (2020). From policy challenge to implementation strategy: Enabling strategies for network governance of urban resilience. Risk, Hazards and Crisis in Public Policy, 11(3), 320-341. https://doi.org/10.1002/rhc3.12192

    Tomo, A., Hinna, A., Mangia, G., & De Nito, E. (2018). Collaborative governance: A successful case of public and private interaction in the port city of Naples. In A. B. Savignon, L. Gnan, A. Hinna, & F. Monteduro (Eds.), Cross-Sectoral Relations in the Delivery of Public Services (pp. 177-193). https://doi.org/10.1108/S2051-663020180000006009

    Tran, B. X., Nguyen, H.T., Pham, H.Q., Le, H.T., Vu, G.T., Latkin, C.A., Ho, C.S., & Ho, R.C. (2020). Capacity of local authority and community on epidemic response in Vietnam: Implication for COVID-19 preparedness. Safety Science, 130, Article 104867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104867

    Tran, B. X., Phan, H. T., Thi Nguyen, T. P., Hoang, M. T., Vu, G. T., Le, H. T., Latkin, C. A., Ho, C. S. H., & Ho, R. C. M. (2020). Reaching further by village health collaborators: The informal health taskforce of Vietnam for COVID-19 responses. Journal of Global Health, 10(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010354

    van Hulst, M., de Graaf, L., & van den Brink, G. (2012). The work of exemplary practitioners in neighborhood governance. Critical Policy Studies, 6(4), 434-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2012.730763

    Veenstra, G. (1999). Home is where the governing is: Social capital and regional health governance. Health & Place, 5(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-8292(98)00037-9

    Wimmer, A. (2020). Nation building: Why some countries come together while others fall apart. Princeton University Press.

    Xu, X., Wang, Y., Li, M., & Kwan, H. K. (2021). Paradoxical effects of performance pressure on employees’ in-role behaviors: An approach/avoidance model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 744404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.744404

    Yan, B., Zhang, X., Wu, L., Zhu, H., & Chen, B. (2020). Why do countries respond differently to COVID-19? A comparative study of Sweden, China, France, and Japan. American Review of Public Administration, 50(6-7), 762-769. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074020942445