PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

 

e-ISSN 2231-8534
ISSN 0128-7702

Home / Regular Issue / JSSH Vol. 31 (1) Mar. 2023 / JSSH-8610-2022

 

Pembangunan dan Pengesahan Instrumen Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Penghayatan Terhadap Unsur Tradisi Dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan

Khadijah Muda, Siti Nor Azhani Mohd Tohar, Khairul Anwar Johari Mastor, Nazri Muslim, Fazilah Idris and Siti Nor Baya Yacob

Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Volume 31, Issue 1, March 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.31.1.10

Keywords: Dikotomi menggunakan Jamovi, KAP, kontrak sosial, Perlembagaan Persekutuan, Rasch model

Published on: 17 March 2023

Unsur tradisi merupakan isu sensitif yang boleh mendatangkan pertelingkahan antara kaum. Di media sosial, elemen unsur tradisi sering menjadi punca pergaduhan antara orang Melayu dengan bukan Melayu. Oleh itu, menjadi satu keperluan untuk memahami pengetahuan, sikap dan penghayatan masyarakat terhadap unsur tradisi. Namun, tiada skala pengukuran yang disahkan dan dapat digunakan untuk mengukur pengetahuan, sikap dan penghayatan masyarakat Malaysia terhadap unsur tradisi. Maka, kajian ini akan membangunkan skala yang sah dan dapat digunakan untuk mengukur pengetahuan, sikap dan penghayatan unsur tradisi dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia. Metodologi kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dijalankan secara keratan rentas terhadap 2389 responden melalui pensampelan berkelompok ke atas responden Melayu, Cina dan India di Semenanjung Malaysia, berusia 18 tahun dan ke atas. Instrumen soal selidik dibangunkan sendiri berdasarkan elemen unsur tradisi yang terdapat dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan dan model KAP (knowledge, attitude and practices) dan disemak oleh pakar bidang sosiologi perlembagaan dan psikometrik. Seterusnya ujian rintis dijalankan sebanyak dua kali, dan etika penyelidikan diperoleh serta kajian sebenar dijalankan. Setelah selesai pengumpulan data melalui media sosial, pengesahan serta kebolehpercayaan konstruk dan item dilakukan menggunakan analisis Item Response Theory (IRT) dan Conformation Factor Analysis menggunakan perisian SPSS, Jamovi dan Amos. Hasil kajian menunjukkan 34 item bagi konstruk pengetahuan, sikap dan penghayatan sah dan dapat digunakan berdasarkan kepada kesahan dalaman ketiga-tiga konstruk (Cronbach α > .70). Namun beberapa item bagi konstruk sikap dan penghayatan perlu dibuang iaitu item-item yang mempunyai factor loading yang rendah. Implikasinya, item-item yang tinggal lebih mengukur dengan tepat dan tidak berlaku pertindihan antara item.

  • Akram, W., Hussein, M. S. E., Ahmad, S., Mamat, M. N., & Ismail, N. E. (2015). Validation of the knowledge, attitude and perceived practice of asthma instrument among community pharmacists using Rasch analysis. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 23(5), 499-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2015.01.011

  • Andrade, C., Menon, V., Ameen, S., & Kumar Praharaj, S. (2020). Designing and conducting knowledge, attitude, and practice surveys in psychiatry: Practical guidance. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 42(5), 478-481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717620946111

  • Arkib Negara Malaysia. (2020). Suruhanjaya Perlembagaan Reid. Kementerian Perpaduan Negara. http://www.arkib.gov.my/web/guest/suruhanjaya-perlembagaan-reid

  • Bates, B. R., Moncayo, A. L., Costales, J. A., Herrera-Cespedes, C. A., & Grijalva, M. J. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among ecuadorians during the outbreak: An online cross-sectional survey. Journal of Community Health, 45(6), 1158-1167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00916-7

  • Bryne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, application and programing. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

  • DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications. University of North Carolina.

  • Fontes, M. B., Crivelaro, R. C., Scartezini, A. M., Lima, D. D., Garcia, A. de A., & Fujioka, R. T. (2016). Determinants of sexual and reproductive health among Brazilian youth (Aged 18 to 29 years old). Acta Scientiarum - Health Sciences, 38(2), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v38i2.31011

  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

  • Getaneh, A., Tegegne, B., & Belachew, T. (2021). Knowledge, attitude and practices on cervical cancer screening, prevention, and control among undergraduate female students in Northwest, Ethiopia: A descriptive cross sectional study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), Article 775. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10853-2

  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Robin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Prentice Hall.

  • Haqimie, K. (2019). Kontrak sosial dalam perlembagaan Malaysia: Satu penilaian semula dari sudut Sejarah. Academia, 1-5.

  • Hussain, I., Majeed, A., Imran, I., Ullah, M., Hashmi, F. K., Saeed, H., Chaudhry, M. O., & Rasool, M. F. (2021). Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward COVID-19 in primary healthcare providers: A cross-sectional study from three tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. Journal of Community Health, 46(3), 441-449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00879-9

  • Iradukunda, P. G., Pierre, G., Muhozi, V., Denhere, K., & Dzinamarira, T. (2021). Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kigali, Rwanda. Journal of Community Health, 46(2), 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00938-1

  • Jabatan Peguam Negara. (2020). Perlembagaan Persekutuan (Cetakan Semula). https://lom.agc.gov.my/federal-constitution.php

  • Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2020). Penemuan utama bancian penduduk dan perumahan Malaysia 2020. https://www.mycensus.gov.my/index.php/ms/produk-banci/penerbitan/banci-2020/penemuan-utama-banci-2020

  • Jamilah Ahmad, Hasrina Mustafa, Hamidah Abd Hamid, & Juliana Abdul Wahab. (2011). Pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan masyarakat Malaysia terhadap isu alam sekitar. Akademika, 81(3), 103-115.

  • Karami, S., Shobeiri, S. M., Jafari, H., & Hendi, G. N. (2017). Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards climate change education (CCE) among lower secondary teachers in Tehran, Iran. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 9(3), 402-415. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2016-0043

  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308

  • Li, D., Liu, Q., Chen, F., Jiang, Q., Wang, T. T., Yin, X., Lu, Z., & Cao, S. (2021). Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding to rabies and its prevention and control among bite victims by suspected rabid animals in China. One Health, 13(December), Article 100264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100264

  • Linacre, J. M. (2012). A user’s guide to WINSTEPS Ministep. Winsteps. https://www.winsteps.com/a/Winsteps-Manual.pdf

  • Mohamed Ali Haniffa. (2016). Kompromi politik Dato ’ Onn Jaafar dalam menangani konflik perkauman selepas pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu. Perspektif: Jurnal Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, 8(1), 21-28.

  • Mohammad Nasir, A., Wan Nor Hazimah, W. A., Mohd Fauzi, M. H., & Muhamad Addin, B. (2013). Reliability and construct validity of knowledge, attitude and practice on dengue fever prevention questionnaire. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 3(5), 69-75.

  • Mohd Salleh Abas. (1985). Unsur-unsur tradisi dalam Perlembagaan Malaysia. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

  • Mohd Salleh Abas. (1997). Prinsip perlembagaan & pemerintahan di Malaysia (Edisi Baru) (Salleh Buang, Rev.). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. (Hasil asli terbitan 1929)

  • Nazri Muslim. (2012). Implikasi peruntukan Islam dan orang Melayu dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan terhadap hubungan etnik di Malaysia. Kemanusiaan, 19(2), 19-62.

  • Nazri Muslim, & Ahmad Hidayat Buang. (2012). Islam dalam perlembagaan persekutuan dari perspektif hubungan etnik di Malaysia. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 20(2), 115-129.

  • Nazri Muslim, Faridah Jalil, Abdul Aziz Bari, Mansor Mohd Noor, & Khairul Anwar Mastor. (2011). Tahap penerimaan pelajar terhadap peruntukan orang Melayu dalam perlembagaan dari perspektif hubungan etnik di Malaysia. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 18, 105-125.

  • Nazri Muslim, Jamsari Alias, Wan Zulkifli Wan Hassan, Azizi Umar, & Nasruddin Yunos. (2013). Analisis peruntukan orang Melayu dalam perlembagaan persekutuan Malaysia dalam konteks hubungan etnik. Jurnal Melayu, 11, 63-78.

  • Ogoina, D., Iliyasu, G., Kwaghe, V., Out, A., Akase, I. E., Adekanmbi, O., Dalhat, M., Iroezindu, M., Aliyu, S., Oyeyemi, A. S., Rotifa, S., Adeiza, M. A., Unigwe, U. S., Mmerem, J. I., Dayyab, F. M., Habib, Z. G., Otokpa, D., Effa, E., & Habib, A. G. (2021). Predictors of antibiotic prescriptions: A knowledge, attitude and practice survey among physicians in tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 10(1), Article 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-021-00940-9

  • Poorolajal, J., Cheraghi, P., Doosti Irani, A., Cheraghi, Z., & Mirfakhraei, M. (2012). Construction of knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire for assessing plagiarism. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 41(11), 54-58.

  • Shamrahayu A. Aziz. (2012, Julai 5). Kuasa dan peranan Raja-Raja Melayu dalam Perlembagaan: Sejarah dan masa depan [Pembentangan seminar]. Dalam Seminar Perlembagaan Malaysia: ‘Di Antara Sejarah dan Tuntutan Semasa’, Auditorium Memorial Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. https://melayu.library.uitm.edu.my/4679/1/KUASA%20DAN%20PERANAN%20RAJA-RAJA%20MELAYU%20DALAM%20PERLEMBAGAAN%20%28Edited%29.pdf

  • Trakman, G. L., Forsyth, A., Hoye, R., & Belski, R. (2017). Developing and validating a nutrition knowledge questionnaire: Key methods and considerations. Public Health Nutrition, 20(15), 2670-2679. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017001471

  • Van Herck, K., Castelli, F., Zuckerman, J., Nothdurft, H., Van Damme, P., Dahlgren, A. La, Gargalianos, P., Lopéz-Vélez, R., Overbosch, D., Caumes, E., Walker, E., Gisler, S., & Steffen, R. (2004). Knowledge, attitudes and practices in travel-related infectious diseases: The European Airport Survey. Journal of Travel Medicine, 11(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.2310/7060.2004.13609

  • Wan Ahmad Fauzi Wan Husain, Anisah Che Ngah, & Mohamed Anwar Omar Din. (2017). Islam agama bagi Persekutuan: Satu kajian sejarah perundangan. Akademika, 87(3), 177-193.

  • Yousaf, M. A., Noreen, M., Saleem, T., & Yousaf, I. (2020). A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) toward pandemic COVID-19 among the general population of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Social Work in Public Health, 35(7), 569-578. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2020.1806983

ISSN 0128-7702

e-ISSN 2231-8534

Article ID

JSSH-8610-2022

Download Full Article PDF

Share this article

Related Articles