PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

 

e-ISSN 2231-8542
ISSN 1511-3701

Home / Regular Issue / JTAS Vol. 31 (1) Jan. 2023 / JST-3473-2022

 

Real-Time Monitoring of Oil Temperature in Distribution Power Transformer by Using Internet of Things

Shafrida Sahrani, Nur Darina Ahmad, Ramizi Mohamed, Mohd Aizam Talib and Chaw Jun Kit

Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, Volume 31, Issue 1, January 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.1.01

Keywords: Data acquisition (DAQ) system, Internet of Things (IoT), LoRa technology, oil temperature indicator (OTI), power transformers, real-time monitoring

Published on: 3 January 2023

In Malaysia, on-site technical personnel manually inspect power transformers. Some vital condition indicators, such as oil and winding temperatures, are not monitored in real-time. This condition can be hazardous if the transformer gets overheated. Overheating can cause mechanical deformation and insulation degradation if not monitored regularly. Thus, an online monitoring system that meets industry standards is needed to enhance power transformer monitoring and troubleshooting. In this research, the Internet of Things (IoT) based data acquisition (DAQ) system was deployed for real-time oil temperature monitoring and inspection to detect incipient faults in power transformers early. This IoT-based DAQ system was connected to the substation remote terminal unit (RTU) to update real-time data on each power transformer. The long-range (LoRa) technology is proposed for the system to transmit temperature, current, and voltage from the power transformers. The data transmission from the oil temperature indicator (OTI), network server, and database was monitored and compared. It is observed that the temperature data was transferred from the network server to the database without any transmission delay. The average deviation from the two experiments was 0.006 and 0.003, respectively, compared to the manual reading from the OTI scale meter with a digital reading by the proposed DAQ system. For testing purposes, the alert module in this system would notify technical personnel if the temperature exceeded +40°C in the power transformers. The proposed system can be used to assist with the upgrade and maintenance of the existing power transformer.

  • Ahmadpanah, M. M., Balliu, M., Hedin, D., Olsson, L. E., & Sabelfeld, A. (2021). Securing Node-RED Applications. In D. Dougherty, J, Meseguer, S. A. Mödersheim & P. Rowe (Eds.), Protocols, strands, and logic (pp. 1-21). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91631-2_1

  • Al Shaqsi, A. Z., Sopian, K., & Al-Hinai, A. (2020). Review of energy storage services, applications, limitations, and benefits. Energy Reports, 6, 288-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EGYR.2020.07.028

  • Askari, M. T., Mohammadi, M. J., Pasupuleti, J., Tahmasebi, M., Raveendran, S. K., & Kadir, M. Z. A. A. (2021). Analysis of thermal models to determine the loss of life of mineral oil immersed transformers. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 10(5), 2327-2336. https://doi.org/10.11591/EEI.V10I5.3131

  • Butt, O. M., Zulqarnain, M., & Butt, T. M. (2021). Recent advancement in smart grid technology: Future prospects in the electrical power network. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(1), 687-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ASEJ.2020.05.004

  • Chandran, L. R., Babu, G. S. A., Nair, M. G., & Ilango, K. (2021). A review on status monitoring techniques of transformer and a case study on loss of life calculation of distribution transformers. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 4659-4666. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2020.10.290

  • Christian, B., & Gläser, A. (2017). The behavior of different transformer oils relating to the generation of fault gases after electrical flashovers. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 84, 261-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJEPES.2016.06.007

  • Faber, M. J., van der Zwaag, K. M., dos Santos, W. G. V., Rocha, H. R. D. O., Segatto, M. E. V., & Silva, J. A. L. (2020). A theoretical and experimental evaluation on the performance of LoRa technology. IEEE Sensors Journal, 20(16), 9480-9489. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.2987776

  • Ferencz, K., Domokos, J., Jubileumi, X., Konferencia, K., & Domokos, J. (2020). Using Node-RED platform in an industrial environment. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339596157

  • Gajenthiran, G., Meyyappan, C., Vishnuprakash, J., Arjun, R., Sena, T. V., Sethu, Y., & Prasanna, R. S. (2022). IoT-based smart monitoring of online transformer. In G. Ranganathan, X. Fernando & F. Shi (Eds.), Inventive communication and computational technologies (pp. 951-961). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5529-6_72

  • Ghazali, Y. Z. Y., Talib, M. A., & Rosli, H. A. (2009, June 8-11). TNB experience in condition assessment and life management of distribution power transformers. In 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2009). Prague, Czech Republic. https://doi.org/10.1049/CP.2009.0919

  • Ghosh, S. (2016). Calculation of hot spot temperature and aging of a transformer. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications, 4(1), 140-143.

  • Guardarrama, J. R., Freire, R. C. S., & Areu, O. H. (2016). A proposed wireless system to real time monitoring in power transformer. IEEE Latin America Transactions, 14(4), 1570-1574. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2016.7483484

  • Hernández-Callejo, L. (2019). A comprehensive review of operation and control, maintenance and lifespan management, grid planning and design, and metering in smart grids. Energies, 12(9), Article 1630. https://doi.org/10.3390/EN12091630

  • IEEE. (2000). C57.12.00-2000 IEEE standard general requirements for liquid-immersed distribution, power, and regulating transformers. IEEE Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2000.91813

  • Kumar, T. A., & Ajitha, A. (2018). Development of IOT based solution for monitoring and controlling of distribution transformers. In 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies, ICICICT 2017 (pp. 1457-1461). IEEE Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICICT1.2017.8342784

  • Kunicki, M., Borucki, S., Zmarzły, D., & Frymus, J. (2020). Data acquisition system for on-line temperature monitoring in power transformers. Measurement, 161, Article 107909. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEASUREMENT.2020.107909

  • Liu, Y., Li, X., Li, H., Yin, J., Wang, J., & Fan, X. (2020). Spatially continuous transformer online temperature monitoring based on distributed optical fibre sensing technology. High Voltage, 7(2), 336-345. https://doi.org/10.1049/HVE2.12031

  • Martin, D., Marks, J., & Saha, T. (2017). Survey of Australian power transformer failures and retirements. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 33(5), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEI.2017.8014387

  • Mishra, B., & Kertesz, A. (2020). The use of MQTT in M2M and IoT systems: A survey. IEEE Access, 8, 201071-201086. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3035849

  • Murugan, R., & Ramasamy, R. (2019). Understanding the power transformer component failures for health index-based maintenance planning in electric utilities. Engineering Failure Analysis, 96, 274-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENGFAILANAL.2018.10.011

  • Patel, D., & Chothani, N. (2020). Introduction to power transformer protection. In Digital protective schemes for power transformer (pp. 1-31). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6763-6_1

  • Pawar, R. R., Deosarkar, S. B., & Member, I. (2017). Health condition monitoring system for distribution transformer using Internet of Things (IoT). In 2017 International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC) (pp. 117-122). IEEE Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCMC.2017.8282650

  • Polak, L., & Milos, J. (2020). Performance analysis of LoRa in the 2.4 GHz ISM band: Coexistence issues with Wi-Fi. Telecommunication Systems, 74(3), 299-309. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11235-020-00658-W

  • Pong, P. W. T., Annaswamy, A. M., Kroposki, B., Zhang, Y., Rajagopal, R., Zussman, G., & Poor, H. V. (2021). Cyber-enabled grids: Shaping future energy systems. Advances in Applied Energy, 1, Article 100003. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADAPEN.2020.100003

  • Raghavan, A., Kiesel, P., Teepe, M., Cheng, F., Chen, Q., Karin, T., Jung, D., Mostafavi, S., Smith, M., Stinson, R., Kittrell, B., Shin, J., Lee, S., & Lacarrubba, N. (2021). Low-cost embedded optical sensing systems for distribution transformer monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 36(2), 1007-1014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2020.2999822

  • Patel, M. R. (2012). Introduction to electrical power and power electronics. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/B13980

  • Singh, R. P., Sonawane, A. V., Satpute, M. S., Shirsath, D. Y., & Thakre, M. P. (2020). A review on traditional methods of condition monitoring of transformer. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems, ICESC 2020 (pp. 1144-1152). IEEE Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC48915.2020.9155858

  • Shanmugapriya, D., Patel, A., Srivastava, G., & Lin, J. C. W. (2021). MQTT protocol use cases in the Internet of Things. In S. N. Srirama, J. C. W. Lin, R. Bhatnagar, S. Agarwal, & P. K. Reddy (Eds.), Big data analytics (pp. 146-162). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93620-4_12

  • Sparling, B. (2017). Improved transformer temperature monitoring. Transformers Magazine, 4(4), 58-62.

  • Wang, G., Chen, X., Sui, H., Ma, C., Zhang, J., Liu, Y., & Yan, Q. (2020). Power transformer fault diagnosis system based on Internet of Things. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-71379/V2

  • Wani, S. A., Rana, A. S., Sohail, S., Rahman, O., Parveen, S., & Khan, S. A. (2021). Advances in DGA based condition monitoring of transformers: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 149, Article 111347. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2021.111347

  • Xie, B., Zhao, D., & Hong, T. (2020). Transformer monitoring and protection in dynamic power systems - A review. Frontiers in Energy Research, 8, Article 150. https://doi.org/10.3389/FENRG.2020.00150/BIBTEX

  • Zhao, L., Matsuo, I. B. M., Zhou, Y., & Lee, W. J. (2019). Design of an industrial IoT-based monitoring system for power substations. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55(6), 5666-5674. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2019.2940668

  • Zu, G., Si, W., Yao, Y., Liu, H., Liang, H., & Ji, D. (2021). Design of online monitoring system for distribution transformer based on cloud side end collaboration of Internet of Things. International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, 28(3), 276-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10776-021-00521-Y/TABLES/4

ISSN 1511-3701

e-ISSN 2231-8542

Article ID

JST-3473-2022

Download Full Article PDF

Share this article

Recent Articles