PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

J

• Abubakar, A. A. (2012). Political participation and discourse in social media during the 2011 presidential electioneering. The Nigerian Journal of Communication, 10(1), 96-116.

• Adeosun, A. B. (2014). Democracy and democratic consolidation in Nigerian fourth republic: Issues and challenges. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(10), 05-10. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-191060510

• Agaigbe, F. M. (2015). Voter apathy and voter turnout in the 2015 general elections: The Benue state experience. https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Conference-Paper-by-Faeran-Agaigbe2.pdf

• Agbalajobi, D. T. (2010). Women’s participation and the political process in Nigeria: Problems and prospects. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 4(2), 075-082.

• Aliu, M. (2014). The state, development and governance in Africa: The Nigerian experience. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 19(4), 21-32.

• Appadorai, A. (2004). The substance of politics (Fourth impression). Oxford University Press.

• Arowolo, D., & Abe, O. (2008). Features of the present international power system. In D. Arowolo (Ed.), Contemporary issues in international relations (pp. 137-142). Prince way-Gbade Ltd.

• Arowolo, D., & Aluko, F. S. (2010). Women and political participation in Nigeria. European Journal of Social Sciences, 14(4), 581-593.

• Arowolo, D. E., & Aluko, O. A. (2012). Democracy, political participation and good governance in Nigeria. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 1(3), 797-809.

• Bentham, J. (1789). An introduction to the principle of morals and legislation. T. Payne, and Son.

• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. Sage.

• Collin, P. (2015). Young citizens and political participation in a digital society: Addressing the democratic disconnect. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137348838_7

• Edosa, E. (2014). National integration, citizenship, political participation and democratic stability in Nigeria. AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 3(3), 61-82. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v3i3.6

• Falade, D. A. (2014). Political participation in Nigerian democracy: A study of some selected local government areas in Ondo State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Human-Social Science, 14(8), 17-23.

• Fashagba, J. Y., Ajayi, O. R. M., & Nwankwor, C. (Eds.). (2019). The Nigerian National Assembly. Springer Cham.

• Fayemi, J. K. (1998). The future of demilitarization and civil military relations in West Africa: Challenges and prospects for democratic consolidation. African Journal of Political Science/Revue Africaine de Science Politique, 82-103.

• Fayemi, J. K. (2000): Beyond presentability: Civil-military relations and the future of democratic consolidation in West Africa. Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD) 12. https://www.slideshare.net/kayodefayemi/beyond-presentability-civilmilitary-relations-and-the-future-of-democratic-consolidation-in-west-africa-11537194

• Gabriel, C. (2011, April 23). The task before Jonathan. Vanguard. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/04/the-task-before-jonathan/

• Hobbes, T. (1651). Leviathan. Blackwell.

• Isma’ila, Y. (2016). Malpractices in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic elections: Challenges of democratic governance [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiti Utara Malaysia.

• Isma’ila, Y., & Othman, Z. (2016): Globalization and democratization in Nigeria’s quest for democratic governance in the Fourth Republic. Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, 7(1), 386-396. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1p386

• Kwasau, M. A. (2013). The challenges of democratic consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. European Scientific Journal, 9(8),181-192.

• Leke, O. K. E. (2015). Democracy, women’s political participation and the policy environment in Nigeria. Developing Country Studies, 5(10), 1-8.

• Loader, B. D., Vromen, A., & Xenos, M. A. (2014). The networked young citizen: Social media, political participation and civic engagement. Information, Communication & Society, 17(2), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2013.871571

• Magilvy, J. K. (2003). Qualitative designs. In K. S. Oman, M. Krugman & R. Fink (Eds.), Nursing research secrets (pp. 123-128). Hanley & Belfus, Inc.

• Michels, A. (2011). Innovations in democratic governance: How does citizen participation contribute to a better democracy? International Review of Administrative Sciences, 77(2), 275-293. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852311399851

• Mill, J. S. (1892). On liberty. Longmans, Green and Co.

• Mohammed, U. (2013). Nigeria’s electoral system: A challenge to sustainable democracy in the Fourth Republic. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development 2(2), 567-581.

• Nwebo, O. E. (2018). The African Union agenda 2063 and the imperative of democratic governance. Law and Development Review, 11(2), 259-276. https://doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0019

• Oddih, M. (2007). Electoral fraud and the democratic process: Lessons from the 2003 elections. In A. Jega & O. Ibeanu (Eds.), Elections and the future of democracy in Nigeria (pp. 147-185). Nigerian Political Science Association.

• Ogbonnaya, U. M., Omoju, O. E., & Udefuna, N. P. (2012). The challenges of democratic governance in Nigeria’s fourth republic. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 3(11), 685-685.

• Ogundiya, I. S. (2010). Democracy and good governance: Nigeria’s dilemma. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 4(6), 201-208.

• Ojo, J. S. (2013). An assessment of gender inequality in democratic politics in the fourth republic in Nigeria (1999-2003). International NGO Journal, 8(7), 138-145. https://doi.org/10.5897/INGOJ2013.0278B

• Okafor, S. O., & Okafor, J. C. (2018). Political violence and the prospect of democracy in Nigeria: A survey of the south-east geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Journal of Political Science and Public Affairs, 6(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000331

• Oke, L. (2010). Democracy and governance in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, 4(3a), 31-40.

• Omodia, S. M. (2011). Sustaining democracy through functional political culture in the Nigerian fourth republic. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 9(4), 75-78.

• Omodia, S. M., & Aliu, M. (2013). Governance and threats to national security in emerging democracies: A focus on the Nigerian Fourth Republic. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(4), 36-42.

• Oni, E. O. (2014). The dynamics of women political emancipation and political participation in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 16(3), 99-112.

• Oni, S., & Joshua, S. (2012). Gender relations in Nigeria’s democratic governance. Journal of Politics and Governance, 1(2/3), 4-15.

• Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. (2011). Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. https://www.osce.org/odihr/democratic-governance

• Salisu, O. U., & Avidime, S. S. (2016). Assessing democratic governance in the Nigerian Fourth Republic, 1999-2014. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 12(29), 142. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n29p142

• Smith, A. (1774). An inquiry into the nature and cause of the wealth of nations. Bartam Classic.

• Ujomu, P. O., & Olatunji, F. O. (2014). Democratic theories and the problem of political participation in Nigeria: Strengthening consensus and the rule of law. Human Affairs, 24(1), 120-135. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13374-014-0211-3

• Uwa, O. G., John, A. E., Dauda, B. O., & Oyindamola, O. (2018). Political participation and gender inequality in Nigerian fourth republic. Global Journal of Political Science and Administration, 6(5), 22-38.

• Vincent, O. V., & Tunde, S. R. (2018). Nigeria and 21st century democratic dispensation. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(1), 121-125.

• Wilson, G. (2013). The politics of local government reforms and democratic governance in Nigerian local governments. Developing Country Studies, 3(1), 136-143.

• Wright, J. G., & McKeever, P. (2000). Qualitative research: Its role in clinical research. Annals of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, 33, 275-280.

• Yagboyaju, D. A. (2011). Nigeria’s fourth republic and the challenge of a faltering democratization. African Studies Quarterly, 12(3), 93-106.

• Yusuf, A. Y. (2018). The legislative functions and democratic consolidation in Nigeria ‘s Fourth Republic, 1999-2015 [Doctoral dissertation]. University Utara Malaysia.