PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

J

• Ahmed, N., Bodrud-Doza, M., Islam, A. R. M. T., Hossain, S., Moniruzzaman, M., Deb, N., & Bhuiyan, M. A. Q. (2019). Appraising spatial variations of As, Fe, Mn and NO3 contaminations associated health risks of drinking water from Surma basin, Bangladesh. Chemosphere, 218, 726-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.104

• Ali, S., & Rubina, S. H. (2018). Assessment of freshwater springs, associated diseases and indigenous perception in Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 34(1), 121-124.

• Ali, U., Batool, A., Ghufran, M., Asad-Ghufran, M., Sabahat-Kazmi, S., & Hina-Fatimah, S. (2019). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in the drinking water of muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. International Journal of Hydrology, 3(5), 331-337. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2019.03.00196

• Alidadi, H., Tavakoly Sany, S. B., Zarif Garaati Oftadeh, B., Mohamad, T., Shamszade, H., & Fakhari, M. (2019). Health risk assessments of arsenic and toxic heavy metal exposure in drinking water in northeast Iran. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 24, Article 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-019-0812-x

• Alina, M., Azrina, A., Yunus, A. M., Zakiuddin, S. M., Effendi, H. M. I., & Rizal, R. M. (2012). Heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, cadmium, plumbum) in selected marine fish and shellfish along the Straits of Malacca. International Food Research Journal, 19(1), 135-140.

• Arif, M., Henry, D., & Moon, C. (2011). Host rock characteristics and source of chromium and beryllium for emerald mineralization in the ophiolitic rocks of the Indus Suture Zone in Swat, NW Pakistan. Ore Geology Reviews, 39(1-2), 1-20.

• Bortey-Sam, N., Nakayama, S. M., Ikenaka, Y., Akoto, O., Baidoo, E., Mizukawa, H., & Ishizuka, M. (2015). Health risk assessment of heavy metals and metalloid in drinking water from communities near gold mines in Tarkwa, Ghana. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187, Article 397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4630-3

• Dessie, B. K., Gari, S. R., Mihret, A., Desta, A. F., & Mehari, B. (2021). Determination and health risk assessment of trace elements in the tap water of two Sub-Cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 7(5), Article e06988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06988

• Dieter, H. H., Bayer, T. A., & Multhaup, G. (2005). Environmental copper and manganese in the pathophysiology of neurologic diseases (Alzheimer’s disease and Manganism). Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica, 33(1), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.1002/aheh.200400556

• Habib, M. A., Islam, A. R. M. T., Bodrud-Doza, M., Mukta, F. A., Khan, R., Siddique, M. A. B., Phoungthong, K., & Techato, K. (2020). Simultaneous appraisals of pathway and probable health risk associated with trace metals contamination in groundwater from Barapukuria coal basin, Bangladesh. Chemosphere, 242, Article 125183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125183

• Huma-Khan, N., Nafees, M., & Bashir, A. (2016). Study of heavy metals in soil and wheat crop and their transfer to food chain. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 32(2), 70-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2016/32.2.70.79

• Hussain, R., Wei, C., & Luo, K. (2019). Hydrogeochemical characteristics, source identification and health risks of surface water and groundwater in mining and non-mining areas of Handan, China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78, Article 402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8350-9

• Islam, A. R. M. T., Islam, H. T., Mia, M. U., Khan, R., Habib, M. A., Bodrud-Doza, M., Siddique, M. A. B., & Chu, R. (2020). Co-distribution, possible origins, status and potential health risk of trace elements in surface water sources from six major river basins, Bangladesh. Chemosphere, 249, Article 126180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126180

• Ji, Y., Wu, J., Wang, Y., Elumalai, V., & Subramani, T. (2020). Seasonal variation of drinking water quality and human health risk assessment in Hancheng City of Guanzhong Plain, China. Exposure and Health, 12, 469-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-020-00357-6

• Jiang, Z., Xu, N., Liu, B., Zhou, L., Wang, J., Wang, C., Dai, B., & Xiong, W. (2018). Metal concentrations and risk assessment in water, sediment and economic fish species with various habitat preferences and trophic guilds from Lake Caizi, Southeast China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 157, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.078

• Kavcar, P., Sofuoglu, A., & Sofuoglu, S. C. (2009). A health risk assessment for exposure to trace metals via drinking water ingestion pathway. International Journal of Hygiene And Environmental Health, 212(2), 216-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.05.002

• Khan, S., Rauf, R., Muhammad, S., Qasim, M., & Din, I. (2016). Arsenic and heavy metals health risk assessment through drinking water consumption in the Peshawar District, Pakistan. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(3), 581-596. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1083845

• Khan, T. A. (2011). Trace elements in the drinking water and their possible health effects in Aligarh City, India. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 3(7), 522-530. https://doi.org/doi:10.4236/jwarp.2011.37062

• Khan, A., Ahmad, I., Waqarullah, ul Zia, I., & Zakirullah. (2015). Field report of Gilgit-Baltistan. https://pdfcookie.com/documents/geological-field-report-of-gilgit-baltistan-by-arsalan-khan-5lq3yxmqd8v7

• Kisku, G. C., Pandey, P., Negi, M. P. S., & Misra, V. (2011). Uptake and accumulation of potentially toxic metals (Zn, Cu and Pb) in soils and plants of Durgapur industrial belt. Journal of Environmental Biology, 32(6), 831-838.

• Krishna, A. K., Satyanarayanan, M., & Govil, P. K. (2009). Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water using multivariate statistical techniques in an industrial area: A case study from Patancheru, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 167(1-3), 366-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.131

• Lambert, M., Leven, B., & Green, R. (2000). New methods of cleaning up heavy metal in soils and water. Hazardous Substance Research Centres. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.files/fileID/14295

• Maigari, A., Ekanem, E., Garba, I., Harami, A., & Akan, J. (2016). Health risk assessment for exposure to some selected heavy metals via drinking water from Dadinkowa dam and river gombe abba in Gombe state, Northeast Nigeria. World Journal Analytical Chemistry, 4(1), 1-5.

• Malsiu, A., Shehu, I., Stafilov, T., & Faiku, F. (2020). Assessment of heavy metal concentrations with fractionation method in sediments and waters of the Badovci Lake (Kosovo). Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2020, Article 3098594https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3098594

• Mohammadi, A. A., Zarei, A., Majidi, S., Ghaderpoury, A., Hashempour, Y., Saghi, M. H., Alinejad, A., Yousefi, M., Hosseinngholizadeh, N., & Ghaderpoori, M. (2019). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water of Khorramabad, Iran. MethodsX, 6, 1642-1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.07.017

• Mohmand, J., Eqani, S. A. M. A. S., Fasola, M., Alamdar, A., Mustafa, I., Ali, N., Liu, L., Peng, S., & Shen, H. (2015). Human exposure to toxic metals via contaminated dust: Bio-accumulation trends and their potential risk estimation. Chemosphere, 132, 142-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.004

• Muhammad, S., Shah, M. T., & Khan, S. (2010). Arsenic health risk assessment in drinking water and source apportionment using multivariate statistical techniques in Kohistan region, northern Pakistan. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(10), 2855-2864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.018

• Muhammad, S., Shah, M. T., & Khan, S. (2011). Health risk assessment of heavy metals and their source apportionment in drinking water of Kohistan region, northern Pakistan. Microchemical Journal, 98(2), 334-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2011.03.003

• Muhammad, S., Ullah, R., & Jadoon, I. A. (2019). Heavy metals contamination in soil and food and their evaluation for risk assessment in the Zhob and Loralai valleys, Baluchistan province, Pakistan. Microchemical Journal, 149, Article 103971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.103971

• Muhammad Tahir, S., Suleman, M., Abdul Baqi, S., Sattar, A., & Khan, N. (2020). Determination of heavy metals in drinking water and their adverse effects on human health. A review. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 9(1), 96-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90012

• Murtaza, B., Amjad, M., Shahid, M., Imran, M., Shah, N. S., Abbas, G., & Naeem, M. A. (2020). Compositional and health risk assessment of drinking water from health facilities of District Vehari, Pakistan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 42, 2425-2437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00465-6

• Pidwirny. (2006). Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks. Physical Geography.net. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10g.html

• Rasool, A., Xiao, T., Farooqi, A., Shafeeque, M., Masood, S., Ali, S., Fahad, S., & Nasim, W. (2016). Arsenic and heavy metal contaminations in the tube well water of Punjab, Pakistan and risk assessment: A case study. Ecological Engineering, 95, 90-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.034

• Sadeghi, P., Loghmani, M., & Frokhzad, S. (2020). Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of commercial marine fish (Thunnus albacares, Euthynnus affinis, and Katsuwonus pelamis) in Oman Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 14944-14952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07907-0

• Saleh, H. N., Panahande, M., Yousefi, M., Asghari, F. B., Oliveri Conti, G., Talaee, E., & Mohammadi, A. A. (2019). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater wells in Neyshabur Plain, Iran. Biological Trace Element Research, 190, 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1516-6

• Sharma, R. K., Agrawal, M., & Marshall, F. M. (2008). Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) contamination of vegetables in urban India: A case study in Varanasi. Environmental Pollution, 154(2), 254-263.

• Stephanie, S. (2010). Trace elements. Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care, 21(1), 44-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacc.2009.08.004

• USEPA. (2003). Technical Standard Operating Procedure (SOP EH- 01). United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/risk/guidelines-carcinogen-risk-assessment

• USEPA. (2005, March). Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment (EPA/630/P-03/001F). United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/risk/guidelines-carcinogen-risk-assessment

• Vetrimurugan, E., Brindha, K., Elango, L., & Ndwandwe, O. M. (2017). Human exposure risk to heavy metals through groundwater used for drinking in an intensively irrigated river delta. Applied Water Science, 7, 3267-3280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-0472-6

• Wasserman, G. A., Liu, X., Parvez, F., Ahsan, H., Levy, D., Factor-Litvak, P., Kline, J., Geen, A. V., Slavkovich, V., Lolacono, N. J., Cheng, Z., Zheng, Yan., & Graziano, J. H. (2006). Water manganese exposure and children’s intellectual function in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(1), 124-129. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8030

• WWF. (2009). Climate Change Resilience in Gilgit. https://www.wwfpak.org/our_work_/climate_and_energy_/climate_change_resilience_in_gilgit_/

• Yang, F., & Massey, I. Y. (2019). Exposure routes and health effects of heavy metals on children. Biometals, 32, 563-573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-019-00193-5

• Zhang, Y., Sillanpää, M., Li, C., Guo, J., Qu, B., & Kang, S. (2015). River water quality across the Himalayan regions: Elemental concentrations in headwaters of Yarlung Tsangbo, Indus and Ganges River. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73, 4151-4163.

• Ahmed, N., Bodrud-Doza, M., Islam, A. R. M. T., Hossain, S., Moniruzzaman, M., Deb, N., & Bhuiyan, M. A. Q. (2019). Appraising spatial variations of As, Fe, Mn and NO3 contaminations associated health risks of drinking water from Surma basin, Bangladesh. Chemosphere, 218, 726-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.104

• Ali, S., & Rubina, S. H. (2018). Assessment of freshwater springs, associated diseases and indigenous perception in Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 34(1), 121-124.

• Ali, U., Batool, A., Ghufran, M., Asad-Ghufran, M., Sabahat-Kazmi, S., & Hina-Fatimah, S. (2019). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in the drinking water of muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. International Journal of Hydrology, 3(5), 331-337. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2019.03.00196

• Alidadi, H., Tavakoly Sany, S. B., Zarif Garaati Oftadeh, B., Mohamad, T., Shamszade, H., & Fakhari, M. (2019). Health risk assessments of arsenic and toxic heavy metal exposure in drinking water in northeast Iran. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 24, Article 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-019-0812-x

• Alina, M., Azrina, A., Yunus, A. M., Zakiuddin, S. M., Effendi, H. M. I., & Rizal, R. M. (2012). Heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, cadmium, plumbum) in selected marine fish and shellfish along the Straits of Malacca. International Food Research Journal, 19(1), 135-140.

• Arif, M., Henry, D., & Moon, C. (2011). Host rock characteristics and source of chromium and beryllium for emerald mineralization in the ophiolitic rocks of the Indus Suture Zone in Swat, NW Pakistan. Ore Geology Reviews, 39(1-2), 1-20.

• Bortey-Sam, N., Nakayama, S. M., Ikenaka, Y., Akoto, O., Baidoo, E., Mizukawa, H., & Ishizuka, M. (2015). Health risk assessment of heavy metals and metalloid in drinking water from communities near gold mines in Tarkwa, Ghana. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187, Article 397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4630-3

• Dessie, B. K., Gari, S. R., Mihret, A., Desta, A. F., & Mehari, B. (2021). Determination and health risk assessment of trace elements in the tap water of two Sub-Cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 7(5), Article e06988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06988

• Dieter, H. H., Bayer, T. A., & Multhaup, G. (2005). Environmental copper and manganese in the pathophysiology of neurologic diseases (Alzheimer’s disease and Manganism). Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica, 33(1), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.1002/aheh.200400556

• Habib, M. A., Islam, A. R. M. T., Bodrud-Doza, M., Mukta, F. A., Khan, R., Siddique, M. A. B., Phoungthong, K., & Techato, K. (2020). Simultaneous appraisals of pathway and probable health risk associated with trace metals contamination in groundwater from Barapukuria coal basin, Bangladesh. Chemosphere, 242, Article 125183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125183

• Huma-Khan, N., Nafees, M., & Bashir, A. (2016). Study of heavy metals in soil and wheat crop and their transfer to food chain. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 32(2), 70-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2016/32.2.70.79

• Hussain, R., Wei, C., & Luo, K. (2019). Hydrogeochemical characteristics, source identification and health risks of surface water and groundwater in mining and non-mining areas of Handan, China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78, Article 402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8350-9

• Islam, A. R. M. T., Islam, H. T., Mia, M. U., Khan, R., Habib, M. A., Bodrud-Doza, M., Siddique, M. A. B., & Chu, R. (2020). Co-distribution, possible origins, status and potential health risk of trace elements in surface water sources from six major river basins, Bangladesh. Chemosphere, 249, Article 126180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126180

• Ji, Y., Wu, J., Wang, Y., Elumalai, V., & Subramani, T. (2020). Seasonal variation of drinking water quality and human health risk assessment in Hancheng City of Guanzhong Plain, China. Exposure and Health, 12, 469-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-020-00357-6

• Jiang, Z., Xu, N., Liu, B., Zhou, L., Wang, J., Wang, C., Dai, B., & Xiong, W. (2018). Metal concentrations and risk assessment in water, sediment and economic fish species with various habitat preferences and trophic guilds from Lake Caizi, Southeast China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 157, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.078

• Kavcar, P., Sofuoglu, A., & Sofuoglu, S. C. (2009). A health risk assessment for exposure to trace metals via drinking water ingestion pathway. International Journal of Hygiene And Environmental Health, 212(2), 216-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.05.002

• Khan, S., Rauf, R., Muhammad, S., Qasim, M., & Din, I. (2016). Arsenic and heavy metals health risk assessment through drinking water consumption in the Peshawar District, Pakistan. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(3), 581-596. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1083845

• Khan, T. A. (2011). Trace elements in the drinking water and their possible health effects in Aligarh City, India. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 3(7), 522-530. https://doi.org/doi:10.4236/jwarp.2011.37062

• Khan, A., Ahmad, I., Waqarullah, ul Zia, I., & Zakirullah. (2015). Field report of Gilgit-Baltistan. https://pdfcookie.com/documents/geological-field-report-of-gilgit-baltistan-by-arsalan-khan-5lq3yxmqd8v7

• Kisku, G. C., Pandey, P., Negi, M. P. S., & Misra, V. (2011). Uptake and accumulation of potentially toxic metals (Zn, Cu and Pb) in soils and plants of Durgapur industrial belt. Journal of Environmental Biology, 32(6), 831-838.

• Krishna, A. K., Satyanarayanan, M., & Govil, P. K. (2009). Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water using multivariate statistical techniques in an industrial area: A case study from Patancheru, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 167(1-3), 366-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.131

• Lambert, M., Leven, B., & Green, R. (2000). New methods of cleaning up heavy metal in soils and water. Hazardous Substance Research Centres. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.files/fileID/14295

• Maigari, A., Ekanem, E., Garba, I., Harami, A., & Akan, J. (2016). Health risk assessment for exposure to some selected heavy metals via drinking water from Dadinkowa dam and river gombe abba in Gombe state, Northeast Nigeria. World Journal Analytical Chemistry, 4(1), 1-5.

• Malsiu, A., Shehu, I., Stafilov, T., & Faiku, F. (2020). Assessment of heavy metal concentrations with fractionation method in sediments and waters of the Badovci Lake (Kosovo). Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2020, Article 3098594https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3098594

• Mohammadi, A. A., Zarei, A., Majidi, S., Ghaderpoury, A., Hashempour, Y., Saghi, M. H., Alinejad, A., Yousefi, M., Hosseinngholizadeh, N., & Ghaderpoori, M. (2019). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water of Khorramabad, Iran. MethodsX, 6, 1642-1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.07.017

• Mohmand, J., Eqani, S. A. M. A. S., Fasola, M., Alamdar, A., Mustafa, I., Ali, N., Liu, L., Peng, S., & Shen, H. (2015). Human exposure to toxic metals via contaminated dust: Bio-accumulation trends and their potential risk estimation. Chemosphere, 132, 142-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.004

• Muhammad, S., Shah, M. T., & Khan, S. (2010). Arsenic health risk assessment in drinking water and source apportionment using multivariate statistical techniques in Kohistan region, northern Pakistan. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(10), 2855-2864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.018

• Muhammad, S., Shah, M. T., & Khan, S. (2011). Health risk assessment of heavy metals and their source apportionment in drinking water of Kohistan region, northern Pakistan. Microchemical Journal, 98(2), 334-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2011.03.003

• Muhammad, S., Ullah, R., & Jadoon, I. A. (2019). Heavy metals contamination in soil and food and their evaluation for risk assessment in the Zhob and Loralai valleys, Baluchistan province, Pakistan. Microchemical Journal, 149, Article 103971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.103971

• Muhammad Tahir, S., Suleman, M., Abdul Baqi, S., Sattar, A., & Khan, N. (2020). Determination of heavy metals in drinking water and their adverse effects on human health. A review. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 9(1), 96-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90012

• Murtaza, B., Amjad, M., Shahid, M., Imran, M., Shah, N. S., Abbas, G., & Naeem, M. A. (2020). Compositional and health risk assessment of drinking water from health facilities of District Vehari, Pakistan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 42, 2425-2437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00465-6

• Pidwirny. (2006). Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks. Physical Geography.net. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10g.html

• Rasool, A., Xiao, T., Farooqi, A., Shafeeque, M., Masood, S., Ali, S., Fahad, S., & Nasim, W. (2016). Arsenic and heavy metal contaminations in the tube well water of Punjab, Pakistan and risk assessment: A case study. Ecological Engineering, 95, 90-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.034

• Sadeghi, P., Loghmani, M., & Frokhzad, S. (2020). Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of commercial marine fish (Thunnus albacares, Euthynnus affinis, and Katsuwonus pelamis) in Oman Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 14944-14952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07907-0

• Saleh, H. N., Panahande, M., Yousefi, M., Asghari, F. B., Oliveri Conti, G., Talaee, E., & Mohammadi, A. A. (2019). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater wells in Neyshabur Plain, Iran. Biological Trace Element Research, 190, 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1516-6

• Sharma, R. K., Agrawal, M., & Marshall, F. M. (2008). Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) contamination of vegetables in urban India: A case study in Varanasi. Environmental Pollution, 154(2), 254-263.

• Stephanie, S. (2010). Trace elements. Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care, 21(1), 44-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacc.2009.08.004

• USEPA. (2003). Technical Standard Operating Procedure (SOP EH- 01). United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/risk/guidelines-carcinogen-risk-assessment

• USEPA. (2005, March). Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment (EPA/630/P-03/001F). United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/risk/guidelines-carcinogen-risk-assessment

• Vetrimurugan, E., Brindha, K., Elango, L., & Ndwandwe, O. M. (2017). Human exposure risk to heavy metals through groundwater used for drinking in an intensively irrigated river delta. Applied Water Science, 7, 3267-3280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-0472-6

• Wasserman, G. A., Liu, X., Parvez, F., Ahsan, H., Levy, D., Factor-Litvak, P., Kline, J., Geen, A. V., Slavkovich, V., Lolacono, N. J., Cheng, Z., Zheng, Yan., & Graziano, J. H. (2006). Water manganese exposure and children’s intellectual function in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(1), 124-129. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8030

• WWF. (2009). Climate Change Resilience in Gilgit. https://www.wwfpak.org/our_work_/climate_and_energy_/climate_change_resilience_in_gilgit_/

• Yang, F., & Massey, I. Y. (2019). Exposure routes and health effects of heavy metals on children. Biometals, 32, 563-573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-019-00193-5

• Zhang, Y., Sillanpää, M., Li, C., Guo, J., Qu, B., & Kang, S. (2015). River water quality across the Himalayan regions: Elemental concentrations in headwaters of Yarlung Tsangbo, Indus and Ganges River. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73, 4151-4163.