PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

 

e-ISSN 2231-8534
ISSN 0128-7702

Home / Regular Issue / JSSH Vol. 29 (1) Jan. 2021 / JST-2117-2020

 

Carbon Footprint of Built Features and Planting Works during Construction, Maintenance and Renewal Stages at Urban Parks in Petaling Jaya, Selangor

Nurzuliza Jamirsah, Ismail Said, Badrulzaman Jaafar and Mohd Haniff Mohd Hassani

Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Volume 29, Issue 1, January 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.29.1.22

Keywords: Carbon footprint, CO2 emission, CO2 sequestration, Project management life cycle, Urban parks

Published on: 22 January 2021

Carbon emissions in Malaysia are escalating due to rapid urbanisation wherein their sources are claimed to be generated by the construction industry, including urban park development. Upon completion of the urban park project, the vegetation will supposedly function immediately as a carbon sequester. However, the processes of building, maintaining, and renewing built features and plantings can emit additional carbon dioxide (CO2) than the storage. Rigorous CO2 release across the maintenance and renewal stages may be contributed by park management activities, such as planting grooming, built feature rectification, and park maintenance works. This study investigated carbon footprint derived from built features and planting works during the construction, maintenance, and renewal stages of park management. Taman Bandaran Kelana Jaya and Taman Aman Petaling Jaya were chosen as the study sites as they were located at urban areas. Continued use of the parks resulted in a swift deterioration of its facilities, whereby this scenario would ensure recurrent maintenance and renewal works were conducted for them. As-built drawings were utilised to identify the lists of inventories and work breakdown structure for every built feature and planting work to approximate the indirect CO2 emissions, which was aided by EToolLCD software. This study revealed that the amount of CO2 sequestered by the manicured vegetation was only 28.7% out of the total CO2 emission produced since its construction stage. Hence, urban parks can be perceived as a carbon source instead of a carbon sink medium.

  • Aleixo, I., Norris, D., Hemerik, L., Barbosa, A., Prata, E., Costa, F., & Poorter, L. (2019). Amazonian rainforest tree mortality driven by climate and functional traits. Nature Climate Change, 9(5), 384-388. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0458-0

  • Alig, R. J., Kline, J. D., & Lichtenstein, M. (2004). Urbanization on the US landscape: looking ahead in the 21st century. Landscape and Urban Planning, 69(2-3), 219-234. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.07.004

  • Almeida, C. M. V. B., Mariano, M. V, Agostinho, F., Liu, G. Y., & Giannetti, B. F. (2018). Exploring the potential of urban park size for the provision of ecosystem services to urban centres : A case study in São Paulo, Brazil. Building and Environment, 144(August), 450-458. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.08.036

  • Arbor Day Foundation. (2020). The basic spacing guide from various distances and various tree heights. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from https://www.arborday.org/trees/rightTreeAndPlace/size.cfm

  • Arellano, G., Medina, N. G., Tan, S., Mohamad, M., & Davies, S. J. (2019). Crown damage and the mortality of tropical trees. New Phytologist, 221(1), 169-179. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15381

  • Begum, R. A. (2017). Tackling climate change and Malaysia’s emission reduction target. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from http://magazine.scientificmalaysian.com/issue-13-2017/tackling-climate-change-malaysias-emission-reduction-target/

  • Braun, R. C., & Bremer, D. J. (2019). Carbon sequestration in Zoysiagrass Turf under different irrigation and fertilization management regimes. Agrosystems, Geosciences and Environment, 2(1), 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.2134/age2018.12.0060

  • Chen, W. Y. (2015). The role of urban green infrastructure in offsetting carbon emissions in 35 major Chinese cities: A nationwide estimate. Cities, 44, 112-120. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.01.005

  • Connor, K. O., Pocock, C., Barthelmeh, M., & Davis, S. (2011). Carbon and environmental profiling of hard landscape materials landscape materials (Research Report). Lincoln University, New Zealand: Centre for Land Environment & People.

  • De Wolf, C., Pomponi, F., & Moncaster, A. (2017). Measuring embodied carbon dioxide equivalent of buildings: A review and critique of current industry practice. Energy and Buildings, 140, 68-80. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.01.075

  • Eslamirad, N., & Mahdavinejad, M. (2018, September 26-28). External shadings effect on operating energy based on lcea, case study: A residential building in Tehran. In 2018 Building Performance Analysis Conference and SimBuild (pp. 494-501). Chicago, Illinois.

  • Feltynowski, M., Kronenberg, J., Bergier, T., Kabisch, N., Łaszkiewicz, E., & Strohbach, M. (2017). Challenges of urban green space management in the face of using inadequate data. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 31, 56-66. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.12.003

  • Haq, S. M. A. (2011). Urban green spaces and an integrative approach to sustainable environment. Journal of Environmental Protection, 02(05), 601-608. doi: 10.4236/jep.2011.25069

  • Hisham, F. D. B., Shahidan, M. F., & Ja’afar, M. F. Z. (2018). Stages and elements affecting development of low carbon parks in Malaysia: An expert review. Alam Cipta, 11(1), 2-8.

  • Kabanov, V. (2018). Measurement of the intensity of construction and installation works taking into account the level of organizational and technological reliability. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 193, pp. 1-8). Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences. doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819305056

  • King, D. A., Davies, S. J., & Noor, N. S. M. (2006). Growth and mortality are related to adult tree size in a Malaysian mixed dipterocarp forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 223(1-3), 152-158. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.066

  • Lauenroth, W. K., & Adler, P. B. (2008). Demography of perennial grassland plants: Survival , life expectancy and life span. Journal of Ecology, 96(5), 1023-1032. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01415.x

  • Marcum, K. (2010). Tropical turfgrass mowing. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from https://www.nparks.gov.sg/-/media/cuge/pdf/rtn-03-2010---tropical-turfgrass-mowing.pdf?la=en&hash=F99D23289A512EFFAFB61CBC69DA6C67091249C9

  • Ngadiman, N., Kaamin, M., Sahat, S., & Mokhtar, M. (2018). Production of orthophoto map using UAV photogrammetry: A case study in UTHM Pagoh campus. In AIP Conference Proceedings 2016 (Vol. 020112, pp. 1-6). Melville, USA: AIP Publishing LLC. doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5055514

  • Othman, R., & Kasim, S. Z. A. (2016). Assessment of plant materials carbon sequestration rate for horizontal and vertical landscape design. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 7(6), 410-414. doi: 10.7763/IJESD.2016.V7.810

  • Pocock, C. (2009). The carbon landscape: Managing the carbon impact in landscape design. Pocock Design Environment. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from http://www.carbonlandscape.com/the-carbon-landscape-2007.html

  • Shashi, M., & Jain, K. (2007). Use of photogrammetry in 3D modeling and visualization of buildings. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2(2), 37-40.

  • Strohbach, M. W., Arnold, E., & Haase, D. (2012). The carbon footprint of urban green space-A life cycle approach. Landscape and Urban Planning, 104(2), 220-229. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.10.013

  • Sun, R., & Chen, L. (2017). Effects of green space dynamics on urban heat islands: Mitigation and diversification. Ecosystem Services, 23(December 2016), 38-46. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.11.011

ISSN 0128-7702

e-ISSN 2231-8534

Article ID

JST-2117-2020

Download Full Article PDF

Share this article

Recent Articles