PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

Integrating flood mitigation strategies into building codes on a global scale is a noteworthy initiative aimed at reducing the risk associated with flood-prone areas. The field of flood mitigation is constantly evolving and indirectly influences future building codes. However, there is a significant gap in research regarding optimizing building codes to mitigate flood-related risks. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the publication trends in mainstreaming flood mitigation into building codes by identifying the current state and critical key areas that potentially impact future building codes using bibliometric analysis. This research adopted a systematic review using the Web of Science database from 2002 to 2022, using the keywords «building code» and «flood». Bibliometric indicators were employed to summarize the key findings, including subject areas, publication trends, leading global contributors, influential institutions, citation patterns, authorship dynamics, and keyword analysis. The realm of research has experienced noteworthy expansion, emphasizing the necessity for further investigation. The findings also indicate that critical areas require attention in performance-based design, retrofitting of existing buildings, community resilience, the long-term effectiveness of flood mitigation measures, and the equity and social needs of the implications of flood-resilient building codes. In conclusion, such investigations are crucial in reducing community risk and creating resilient and sustainable communities in flood-prone areas.

• Aerts, J. C. J. H. (2018). A review of cost estimates for flood adaptation. Water (Switzerland), 10(11), Article 1646. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111646

• Aerts, J. C. J. H., & Wouter Botzen, W. J. (2011). Flood-resilient waterfront development in New York City: Bridging flood insurance, building codes, and flood zoning. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1227(1), 1–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06074.x

• American Society of Civil Engineers. (2015). Flood resistant design and construction. http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/58215/1/638.pdf

• Andráško, I., Dolák Klemešová, K., Dolák, L., Trojan, J., & Fiedor, D. (2020). “Surely it will come again...”. Flood threat appraisal, mitigation strategies and protection motivation in Czech communities endangered by floods. Moravian Geographical Reports, 28(3), 170–186. https://doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2020-0013

• Baier-Fuentes, H., Merigó, J. M., Amorós, J. E., & Gaviria-Marín, M. (2019). International entrepreneurship: A bibliometric overview. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(2), 385–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0487-y

• Donthu, N., Kumar, S., & Pattnaik, D. (2020). Forty-five years of Journal of Business Research: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.039

• Douglas, I., Garvin, S., Lawson, N., Richards, J., Tippett, J., & White, I. (2010). Urban pluvial flooding: A qualitative case study of cause, effect and nonstructural mitigation. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 3(2), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2010.01061.x

• Eck, N. J. van., & Waltman, L. (2023). VOSviewer manual. https://www.vosviewer.com/documentation/Manual_VOSviewer_1.6.19.pdf

• Escarameia, M., Tagg, A., Walliman, N., Zevenbergen, C., & Anvarifar, F. (2012). The role of building materials in improved flood resilience and routes for implementation [Paper presentation]. 2nd European Conference on Flood Risk Management, FLOODrisk2012, Rotterdam, Netherlands. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279751554_The_role_of_building_materials_in_improved_flood_resilience_and_routes_for_implementation

• Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2020). Protecting communities the case for adopting building codes. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_bcs-brochure_03-01-21_0.pdf

• Gnan, E., Friedland, C. J., Rahim, M. A., Mostafiz, R. B., Rohli, R. V., Orooji, F., Taghinezhad, A., & McElwee, J. (2022). Improved building-specific flood risk assessment and implications of depth-damage function selection. Frontiers in Water, 4, Article 919726. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.919726

• Henderson, D., & Ginger, J. (2008). Role of building codes and construction standards in windstorm disaster mitigation. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 23(2), 40-46.

• Hudson, P., Bubeck, P., & Thieken, A. H. (2022). A comparison of flood-protective decision-making between German households and businesses. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 27(5), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-021-09982-1

• International Code Council. (2021a). Delivering climate responsive resilient building codes and standards findings from the global resiliency dialogue survey of building code stakeholders in Canada. https://www.iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/Delivering_Resilient_Building_Codes_and_Standards.pdf

• International Code Council. (2021b). Global resiliency dialogue second survey of building code stakeholders-USA delivering climate responsive resilient building codes and standards. https://www.iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/Global-Resiliency-Dialogue-Second-Survey-Report-Australia-03112021.pdf

• Ingargiola, J. L., Jones, C. P., & Quinn, R. C. (2013). ASCE 24: Improving the performance of buildings and structures in flood hazard areas. Advances in Hurricane Engineering: Learning from our past - Proceedings of the 2012 ATC and SEI conference on advances in hurricane engineering (pp. 53–66). ASCE Press. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412626.006

• Ingargiola, J. L., & Quinn, R. C. (2013). Flood provisions in the International Code series and 2010 Florida building code. Advances in hurricane engineering: Learning from Our Past - Proceedings of the 2012 ATC and SEI conference on advances in hurricane engineering, (pp. 67–80). ASCE Press. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412626.007

• Kamarrudin, H., Talib, O., Kamarudin, N., Ismail, N., & Zamin, A. A. M. (2022). Examining the trend of research on active engagement in science education: bibliometric analysis. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 19(3), 937-957. https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2022.157

• Kent Baker, H., Pandey, N., Kumar, S., & Haldar, A. (2020). A bibliometric analysis of board diversity: Current status, development, and future research directions. Journal of Business Research, 108, 232–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.025

• King, D., Gurtner, Y., Firdaus, A., Harwood, S., & Cottrell, A. (2016). Land use planning for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: Operationalizing policy and legislation at local levels. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(2), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-03-2015-0009

• Kondo, T. (2016). Compensation or assistance?: Law and policy for post-disaster housing recovery in the U.S. and Japan. In K. Yuka, M. Katsumi & T. Toshihisa (Eds.), Asian law in disasters: Toward a human-centered recovery (pp.178-187). Routledge Press.

• Kreibich, H., Bubeck, P., van Vliet, M., & de Moel, H. (2015). A review of damage-reducing measures to manage fluvial flood risks in a changing climate. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 20(6), 967–989. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-014-9629-5

• Lim, W. M., & Kumar, S. (2024). Guidelines for interpreting the results of bibliometric analysis: A sensemaking approach. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 43(2), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22229

• López-Marrero, T., & Tschakert, P. (2011). From theory to practice: Building more resilient communities in flood-prone areas. Environment and Urbanization, 23(1), 229–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247810396055

• Lourenço, I. B., Beleño de Oliveira, A. K., Marques, L. S., Quintanilha Barbosa, A. A., Veról, A. P., Magalhães, P. C., & Miguez, M. G. (2020). A framework to support flood prevention and mitigation in the landscape and urban planning process regarding water dynamics. Journal of Cleaner Production, 277(3), Article 122983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122983

• Maqsood, T., Wehner, M., Dale, K., & Edwards, M. (2016). Cost-effective mitigation strategies for residential buildings in Australian flood plains. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 6(3), 550–559. https://doi.org/10.2495/SAFE-V6-N3-550-559

• Miano, A., Sezen, H., Jalayer, F., & Prota, A. (2019). Performance-based assessment methodology for retrofit of buildings. Journal of Structural Engineering (United States), 145(12), Article 04019144. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002419

• Nik Hassan, N. M. H., Talib, O., Shariman, T. P., Rahman, N. A., & Zamin, A. A. M. (2022). A bibliometric analysis on how organic chemistry education research has evolved collaboratively over time. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 11(1), 73–90. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i1.34185

• Nissanka Arachchige, C. S., Amaratunga, D., & Haigh, R. (2020). Disaster resilient building codes in Sri Lanka. 10th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management (ICSECM) (Vol. 1, pp. 146-152). University of Peradeniya. https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/disaster-resilient-building-codes-in-sri-lanka

• Nwadike, A. N., & Wilkinson, S. (2021). An evidence-based framework validation for building code improvement in New Zealand. Engineering Construction & Architectural Management, 29(8), 3072-3090. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-08-2020-0604.

• Nwadike, A. N., & Wilkinson, S. (2022). Unintended consequences of performance-based building code amendment in New Zealand. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 36(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001728

• Nwadike, A. N., Wilkinson, S., & Aigwi, I. E. (2020). Identification of parameters to develop an evidence-based framework to improve building code amendment in New Zealand. The 54th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA) (pp. 570–579). Architectural Science Association. https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/items/343da504-0355-467a-97dc-448bb19955b5

• Orooji, F., Friedland, C. J., Savio, R. D., Taghinezhad, A., Massarra, C. C., Bushra, N., & Rohli, R. V. (2022). Generalized cost-effectiveness of residential wind mitigation strategies for wood-frame, single family house in the USA. Frontiers in Built Environment, 7(1), Article 745914. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2021.745914

• Paprotny, D., Kreibich, H., Morales-Nápoles, O., Castellarin, A., Carisi, F., & Schröter, K. (2020). Exposure and vulnerability estimation for modelling flood losses to commercial assets in Europe. Science of the Total Environment, 737(1), Article 140011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140011

• Paprotny, D., Kreibich, H., Morales-Nápoles, O., Wagenaar, D., Castellarin, A., Carisi, F., Bertin, X., Merz, B., & Schröter, K. (2021). A probabilistic approach to estimating residential losses from different flood types. Natural Hazards, 105(3), 2569–2601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04413-x

• Piatek, Ł., & Wojnowska-Heciak, M. (2020). Multicase study comparison of different types of flood-resilient buildings (Elevated, amphibious, and floating) at the Vistula river in Warsaw, Poland. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(22), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229725

• Pradhan, N. S., Su, Y., Fu, Y., Zhang, L., & Yang, Y. (2017). Analyzing the effectiveness of policy implementation at the local level: A case study of management of the 2009–2010 drought in Yunnan Province, China. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 8(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-017-0118-9

• Puspitarini, D., Degeng, I. N. S., Praherdhiono, H., & Suryati, N. (2023). Humanistic Pesantren: Systematic literature review and bibliometric visualization analysis on character, moral, and ethical values. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 31(2), 465–490. https://doi.org/10.47836/PJSSH.31.2.01

• Rezende, O. M., Miranda, F. M., Haddad, A. N., & Miguez, M. G. (2019). A framework to evaluate urban flood resilience of design alternatives for flood defence considering future adverse scenarios. Water(Switzerland), 11(7), 1485. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11071485

• Ripple, J. (2020). Building codes don’t measure up: A case for urban material performance standards. In B. E. Brownell (Ed.), Examining the Environmental Impacts of Materials and Buildings (pp. 32–63). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2426-8.ch002

• Saja, A. M. A., Teo, M., Goonetilleke, A., & Ziyath, A. M. (2021). A critical review of social resilience properties and pathways in disaster management. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 12(6), 790–804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00378-y

• Tariq, H., Pathirage, C., & Fernando, T. (2021). Measuring community disaster resilience at local levels: An adaptable resilience framework. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 62(5), Article 102358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102358

• Thepot, R., Goujard, P., & Gache, F. (2016, October 17-21). Impact of the new Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction on Paris flood prevention program [Paper presentation]. 3rd European Conference on Flood Risk Management, Lyon, France. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20160717002

• United Nations for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2015). Chart of the sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2030. https://www.undrr.org/publication/chart-sendai-framework-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030

• Wahid, R., Ahmi, A., & Alam, A. S. A. F. (2020). Growth and collaboration in massive open online courses: A bibliometric analysis. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 21(4), 292–322. https://doi.org/10.19173/IRRODL.V21I4.4693

• Wang, Z., Liu, J., Xu, N., Fan, C., Fan, Y., He, S., Jiao, L., & Ma, N. (2019). The role of indigenous knowledge in integrating scientific and indigenous knowledge for community-based disaster risk reduction: A case of Haikou Village in Ningxia, China. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 41(9), Article 101309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101309

• Wedel, R., Cribben, C., & Grundberg, J. (2008). Community-based disaster risk management: experiences from Indonesia. International Organization for Migration (IOM) Indonesia. https://www.humanitarianlibrary.org/sites/default/files/2013/07/30_CBDRM_Handbook_english_lo.pdf

• Wei, W., Mojtahedi, M., Yazdani, M., & Kabirifar, K. (2021). The alignment of Australia’s national construction code and the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction in achieving resilient buildings and communities. Buildings, 11(10), Article 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100429

• Wilkinson, S., Clifton, G. C., Nwadike, A., & Clifton, C. (2019). Improving disaster resilience through effective building code compliance [Paper presentation]. 9th I-Rec Conference 2019, Florida, USA. http://www.grif.umontreal.ca/i-rec/i-Rec2019/Improving%20disaster%20resilience%20through%20effective%20building%20code%20compliance.pdf

• Zairul, M. (2021). A thematic review on Industrialised Building System (IBS) publications from 2015-2019: Analysis of patterns and trends for future studies of IBS in Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29(1), 635–652. https://doi.org/10.47836/PJSSH.29.1.35

• Zhu, J., & Liu, W. (2020). A tale of two databases: The use of Web of Science and Scopus in academic papers. Scientometrics, 123(1), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03387-8