This research aims to find an effective legal policy model for handling the criminal case of plantation land opening by fire, especially those carried out by corporations in Indonesia. Criminal law enforcement in these cases is not yet fully integrated. Thus, it requires the multidoor approach. The multidoor approach utilizes several criminal provisions to maximize all constitutional potentials and minimize failures starting from the investigation, prosecution, and punishment stages. This research was carried out by analyzing relevant legal principles, doctrines, rules, and norms. The constitution and courtly decisions were the main primary legal materials. This research shows that most plantation burning cases are not yet processed using the multidoor approach. Most of the prosecution’s indictments are prepared alternatively. They exclude the possibility of the cumulative application of other crimes as concurrent criminal acts (concursus). Based on the results, it was found that the multidoor approach needs to be reconstructed by strengthening the secretariat and the standard operating procedures in applying the multidoor approach that binds all law enforcement agencies. This crime has been classified as an environmental crime in the law, and it applies the premium remedium principle. The imposition of corporate criminal liability must be carried out maximally to prevent repeating the criminal acts that still frequently occur.

• Ali, M., & Setiawan, M. A. (2022). Penal proportionality in environmental legislation of Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.2009167

• Amrani, H. (2022). Criminal policy on environmental crimes: Indonesia’s perspective. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 11(3), 364. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2022-0088

• Arwida, S. D., Mardiah, S., & Luttrell, C. (2015). Lessons for REDD+ benefit-sharing mechanisms from anti-corruption measures in Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005586

• Badan Pengelola REDD+ (2015) National forest reference emissions level for deforestation and forest degradation in the context of decision 1/CP.16 paragraph 70 (REDD+) under the UNFCCC: A reference for decision makers. BP-REDD+ Indonesia. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/5652/

• Bahuet, C. (2016). Multi-door approach to address forest-related crimes in Indonesia. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/03/21/multi-door-approach-address-forest-related-crimes-indonesia.html

• Barber, H. V., & Schweifhelm, J. (2011). Trial by fire forest and forestry policy in Indonesia era of crisis and reform, world resources institute forest frontiers initiative in collaboration. World Resources Institue. https://wri-indonesia.org/sites/default/files/trial_by_fire.pdf

• Baroroh, A., & Harintaka. (2021). Deteksi area bekas kebakaran hutan dan lahan menggunakan citra landsat 8 tahun 2018 – 2020 (Studi kasus: Pulau Rupat, Bengkalis) [Detection of areas of land and forest fires using landsat 8 imagery 2018 – 2020 (Case study: Rupat Island, Bengkalis)]. Prosiding Forum Ilmiah Tahunan (FIT) - Ikatan Surveyor Indonesia (ISI), 1, 78.

• Barr, C. (2000). Will HPH reform lead to sustainable forest management?: Questioning the assumptions of the ‘sustainable logging’ paradigm in Indonesia. In C. J. P. Colfer & I. A. P. Resosudarmo (Eds.), Which way forward? Forests, policy and people in Indonesia, resources for the future. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Will-HPH-Reform-Lead-to-Sustainable-Forest-the-of-Barr/0be1a37660d7c1bb25f1d71c7afa65a2c21cfb74

• Carmenta, R., Zabala, A., Trihadmojo, B., Gaveau, D., Salim, M. A., & Phelps, J. (2021). Evaluating bundles of interventions to prevent peat-fires in Indonesia. Global Environmental Change, 67, 4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102154

• Casson, A. C., Setyarso, A., Boccucci, M., & Brown, D. W. (2006). A multi-stakeholder action plan to curb illegal logging and improve legal policy in Indonesia. World Bank, DFID-Multistakeholder Forestry Program. https://silk.menlhk.go.id/app/Upload/repos/20200901/431b10097e1259f5c807f54d4e0ef2cb.pdf

• Colchester, M., Anderson, P., Jiwan, P., Andiko, & Mei Toh, S. (2009). HCV and RSPO: Report of an independent investigation into the effectiveness of the application of high conservation value zoning in palm oil development in Indonesia. Forest Peoples Programme. https://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/default/files/publication/2010/08/rspoindonesiahcvstudyreportoct09eng.pdf

• Colchester, M., Boscolo, M., Contreras-Hermosilla, A., Gatto, F. D., Dempsey, J., Lescuyer, G., Obidzinski, K., Pommier, D., Richards, M., Sembiring, S. S., Tacconi, L., Rios, M. T. S., & Wells, A. (2006). Justice in the forest: Rural livelihoods and forest legal policy. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/1939/

• Colchester, M., Jiwan, N., Anderson, P., Darussamin, A., & Kiky, A. (2011). Securing high conservation values in central Kalimantan: Report of the field investigation in central Kalimantan of the RSPO ad hoc working group on high conservation values in Indonesia. Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. http://www.forestpeoples.org/en/topics/palm-oil-rspo/publication/2012/securing-high-conservation-values-central-kalimantan-report-fi

• Ekawati, S. (2013). Evaluation of the production forest decentralized management policy implementation. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan, 4(2), 189. https://doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2013.10.3.187-202

• Fajri, M. N. (2016). Penindakan pelaku pembakaran hutan dan lahan dengan pendekatan undang-undang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi [Conviction of forest and plantation burning perpetrators with the approach of the law on the eradication of the corruption crime]. Integritas, 2(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v2i1.124

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• General Directory of Environmental and Forestry Legal Policy. (2021). Penegakan hukum lingkungan hidup dan kehutanan kementerian lingkungan hidup dan kehutanan [The Strengthening of the Enforcement of the Multidoor Law as a Deterrent Effect to Prevent Corruption Cases]. https://gakkum.menlhk.go.id/assets/info-publik/Laptah_Ditjen_PHLHK_2021.pdf

• Hafrida, Kusniati, R., & Monita, Y. (2022). Imprisonment as a criminal sanction against corporations in forestry crimes : How is it possible? Hasanuddin Law Review, 8(2), 167. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v8i2.3187

• Hartiwiningsih. (2007). Kebijakan hukum pidana dalam upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana lingkungan hidup di Indonesia [Criminal law policy to prevent environmental problems in Indonesia]. Diponegoro Law Journal, 8(2), 1026-1041. https://doi.org/10.14710/dlj.2019.24569

• Hartiwiningsih. (2013). Problems in the environmental criminal code enforcement and the prevention methods. In A. A. D. Imami, I. N. M. Priyanta, N. Astriani & Y. Adharani (Eds.), National Proceeding Seminar and Congress of Environmental Law Coaches in Indonesia: The Development of the Current and the Future Environmental Law (pp. 433-445). Bagian Hukum dan Pembangunan Universitas Padjadjaran. https://layanan.hukum.uns.ac.id/data/RENSI%20file/Jurnal%20PROF.%20DR.%20HARTIWININGSIH,%20S.H.,%20M.HU/Hartiwiningsih_Problematika%20Hukum%20Pidana%20Lingkungan%20Hidup%20Dan%20Upaya%20Penanggulangannya.pdf

• Hartiwiningsih. (2018). Model penegakan hukum tindak pidana pembakaran hutan guna mewujudkan green and clean policy [The criminal legal policy model on forest burning to create a green and clean policy]. Universitas Negeri Semarang, Surakarta. https://layanan.hukum.uns.ac.id/data/RENSI%20file/Jurnal%20PROF.%20DR.%20HARTIWININGSIH,%20S.H.,%20M.HU/Hartiwiningsih_MODEL%20PENEGAKAN%20HUKUM%20TINDAK%20PIDANA%20PEMBAKARAN%20HUTAN%20GUNA%20MEWUJUDKAN%20GREEN%20AND%20CLEAN%20POLICY.pdf

• Hazama, Y., & Iba, Ş. (2017). Legislative agenda setting by a delegative democracy: Omnibus bills in the turkish parliamentary system. Turkish Studies, 18(2), 313–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2016.1261022

• Hoecke, M. V. (2011). Legal doctrine: Which method(s) for what kind of discipline? In M. V. Hoecke (Ed.), Methodologies of Legal Research: What Kind of Method for What Kind of Discipline? (pp. 1-18). Hart Publishing. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472560896.ch-001

• Hutchinson, T. (2015). The doctrinal method: Incorporating interdisciplinary methods in reforming the law. Erasmus Law Review, 3, 131. https://doi.org/10.5553/ELR.000055

• Hutchinson, T., & Duncan, N. (2012). Defining and describing what we do: Doctrinal legal research. Deakin Law Review, 17(1), 106. https://doi.org/10.21153/dlr2012vol17no1art70

• Indonesian Police Force. (2021). Data on the criminal case of forest and land fires handled by the indonesian police force between 2019-2021. Indonesian Police Force. https://pusiknas.polri.go.id/web_pusiknas/laporan/1649645185073.pdf

• Luttrell, C., Obidzinski, K., Brockhaus, M., Muharrom, E., Petkova, E., Wardell, D. A., & Halperin, J. (2011). Lessons for REDD+ from measures to control illegal logging in Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003505

• Mahy, P. (2022). Indonesia’s Omnibus Law on job creation: Legal hierarchy and responses to judicial review in the labour cluster of amendments. Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 17(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2022.7

• Maryudi, A. (2016). Choosing timber legality verification as a policy instrument to combat illegal logging in Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 68, 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.10.010

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• Ali, M., & Setiawan, M. A. (2022). Penal proportionality in environmental legislation of Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.2009167

• Amrani, H. (2022). Criminal policy on environmental crimes: Indonesia’s perspective. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 11(3), 364. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2022-0088

• Arwida, S. D., Mardiah, S., & Luttrell, C. (2015). Lessons for REDD+ benefit-sharing mechanisms from anti-corruption measures in Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005586

• Badan Pengelola REDD+ (2015) National forest reference emissions level for deforestation and forest degradation in the context of decision 1/CP.16 paragraph 70 (REDD+) under the UNFCCC: A reference for decision makers. BP-REDD+ Indonesia. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/5652/

• Bahuet, C. (2016). Multi-door approach to address forest-related crimes in Indonesia. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/03/21/multi-door-approach-address-forest-related-crimes-indonesia.html

• Barber, H. V., & Schweifhelm, J. (2011). Trial by fire forest and forestry policy in Indonesia era of crisis and reform, world resources institute forest frontiers initiative in collaboration. World Resources Institue. https://wri-indonesia.org/sites/default/files/trial_by_fire.pdf

• Baroroh, A., & Harintaka. (2021). Deteksi area bekas kebakaran hutan dan lahan menggunakan citra landsat 8 tahun 2018 – 2020 (Studi kasus: Pulau Rupat, Bengkalis) [Detection of areas of land and forest fires using landsat 8 imagery 2018 – 2020 (Case study: Rupat Island, Bengkalis)]. Prosiding Forum Ilmiah Tahunan (FIT) - Ikatan Surveyor Indonesia (ISI), 1, 78.

• Barr, C. (2000). Will HPH reform lead to sustainable forest management?: Questioning the assumptions of the ‘sustainable logging’ paradigm in Indonesia. In C. J. P. Colfer & I. A. P. Resosudarmo (Eds.), Which way forward? Forests, policy and people in Indonesia, resources for the future. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Will-HPH-Reform-Lead-to-Sustainable-Forest-the-of-Barr/0be1a37660d7c1bb25f1d71c7afa65a2c21cfb74

• Carmenta, R., Zabala, A., Trihadmojo, B., Gaveau, D., Salim, M. A., & Phelps, J. (2021). Evaluating bundles of interventions to prevent peat-fires in Indonesia. Global Environmental Change, 67, 4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102154

• Casson, A. C., Setyarso, A., Boccucci, M., & Brown, D. W. (2006). A multi-stakeholder action plan to curb illegal logging and improve legal policy in Indonesia. World Bank, DFID-Multistakeholder Forestry Program. https://silk.menlhk.go.id/app/Upload/repos/20200901/431b10097e1259f5c807f54d4e0ef2cb.pdf

• Colchester, M., Anderson, P., Jiwan, P., Andiko, & Mei Toh, S. (2009). HCV and RSPO: Report of an independent investigation into the effectiveness of the application of high conservation value zoning in palm oil development in Indonesia. Forest Peoples Programme. https://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/default/files/publication/2010/08/rspoindonesiahcvstudyreportoct09eng.pdf

• Colchester, M., Boscolo, M., Contreras-Hermosilla, A., Gatto, F. D., Dempsey, J., Lescuyer, G., Obidzinski, K., Pommier, D., Richards, M., Sembiring, S. S., Tacconi, L., Rios, M. T. S., & Wells, A. (2006). Justice in the forest: Rural livelihoods and forest legal policy. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/1939/

• Colchester, M., Jiwan, N., Anderson, P., Darussamin, A., & Kiky, A. (2011). Securing high conservation values in central Kalimantan: Report of the field investigation in central Kalimantan of the RSPO ad hoc working group on high conservation values in Indonesia. Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. http://www.forestpeoples.org/en/topics/palm-oil-rspo/publication/2012/securing-high-conservation-values-central-kalimantan-report-fi

• Ekawati, S. (2013). Evaluation of the production forest decentralized management policy implementation. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan, 4(2), 189. https://doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2013.10.3.187-202

• Fajri, M. N. (2016). Penindakan pelaku pembakaran hutan dan lahan dengan pendekatan undang-undang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi [Conviction of forest and plantation burning perpetrators with the approach of the law on the eradication of the corruption crime]. Integritas, 2(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v2i1.124

• General Directory of Environmental and Forestry Legal Policy. (2019). Renjana kerja tahun 2020 [2020 work plan]. https://ksdae.menlhk.go.id/assets/publikasi/Renja%202020%20Dit.%20PJLHK.pdf

• General Directory of Environmental and Forestry Legal Policy. (2021). Penegakan hukum lingkungan hidup dan kehutanan kementerian lingkungan hidup dan kehutanan [The Strengthening of the Enforcement of the Multidoor Law as a Deterrent Effect to Prevent Corruption Cases]. https://gakkum.menlhk.go.id/assets/info-publik/Laptah_Ditjen_PHLHK_2021.pdf

• Hafrida, Kusniati, R., & Monita, Y. (2022). Imprisonment as a criminal sanction against corporations in forestry crimes : How is it possible? Hasanuddin Law Review, 8(2), 167. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v8i2.3187

• Hartiwiningsih. (2007). Kebijakan hukum pidana dalam upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana lingkungan hidup di Indonesia [Criminal law policy to prevent environmental problems in Indonesia]. Diponegoro Law Journal, 8(2), 1026-1041. https://doi.org/10.14710/dlj.2019.24569

• Hartiwiningsih. (2013). Problems in the environmental criminal code enforcement and the prevention methods. In A. A. D. Imami, I. N. M. Priyanta, N. Astriani & Y. Adharani (Eds.), National Proceeding Seminar and Congress of Environmental Law Coaches in Indonesia: The Development of the Current and the Future Environmental Law (pp. 433-445). Bagian Hukum dan Pembangunan Universitas Padjadjaran. https://layanan.hukum.uns.ac.id/data/RENSI%20file/Jurnal%20PROF.%20DR.%20HARTIWININGSIH,%20S.H.,%20M.HU/Hartiwiningsih_Problematika%20Hukum%20Pidana%20Lingkungan%20Hidup%20Dan%20Upaya%20Penanggulangannya.pdf

• Hartiwiningsih. (2018). Model penegakan hukum tindak pidana pembakaran hutan guna mewujudkan green and clean policy [The criminal legal policy model on forest burning to create a green and clean policy]. Universitas Negeri Semarang, Surakarta. https://layanan.hukum.uns.ac.id/data/RENSI%20file/Jurnal%20PROF.%20DR.%20HARTIWININGSIH,%20S.H.,%20M.HU/Hartiwiningsih_MODEL%20PENEGAKAN%20HUKUM%20TINDAK%20PIDANA%20PEMBAKARAN%20HUTAN%20GUNA%20MEWUJUDKAN%20GREEN%20AND%20CLEAN%20POLICY.pdf

• Hazama, Y., & Iba, Ş. (2017). Legislative agenda setting by a delegative democracy: Omnibus bills in the turkish parliamentary system. Turkish Studies, 18(2), 313–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2016.1261022

• Hoecke, M. V. (2011). Legal doctrine: Which method(s) for what kind of discipline? In M. V. Hoecke (Ed.), Methodologies of Legal Research: What Kind of Method for What Kind of Discipline? (pp. 1-18). Hart Publishing. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472560896.ch-001

• Hutchinson, T. (2015). The doctrinal method: Incorporating interdisciplinary methods in reforming the law. Erasmus Law Review, 3, 131. https://doi.org/10.5553/ELR.000055

• Hutchinson, T., & Duncan, N. (2012). Defining and describing what we do: Doctrinal legal research. Deakin Law Review, 17(1), 106. https://doi.org/10.21153/dlr2012vol17no1art70

• Indonesian Police Force. (2021). Data on the criminal case of forest and land fires handled by the indonesian police force between 2019-2021. Indonesian Police Force. https://pusiknas.polri.go.id/web_pusiknas/laporan/1649645185073.pdf

• Luttrell, C., Obidzinski, K., Brockhaus, M., Muharrom, E., Petkova, E., Wardell, D. A., & Halperin, J. (2011). Lessons for REDD+ from measures to control illegal logging in Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003505

• Mahy, P. (2022). Indonesia’s Omnibus Law on job creation: Legal hierarchy and responses to judicial review in the labour cluster of amendments. Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 17(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2022.7

• Maryudi, A. (2016). Choosing timber legality verification as a policy instrument to combat illegal logging in Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 68, 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.10.010

• Marzuki, P. M. (2010). Penelitian Hukum [Legal Research]. Kencana. https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=1409842

• Ministry of Environment and Forestry. (2018). The state of Indonesia’s forests 2018. http://ppid.menlhk.go.id/siaran_pers/browse/2435

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